ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Body-Worn IMU-Based Human Hip and Knee Kinematics Estimation during Treadmill Walking.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Concurrent validity of wearable IMUs for sagittal plane lower-limb range of motion during walking and estimated ground reaction forces: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Pooled it
- IMU- and Vision-Based Measurement Techniques for Joint Kinematics: A Narrative Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A Simple Minimum-Setup Pipeline for Using Leg-Worn Inertial Sensors to Track Knee Flexion: Validation on 10 Movements.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Validity of Poststroke Gait Spatiotemporal and Joint Excursion Metrics Between Inertial Measurement Units and a Marker-Based System.Journal of applied biomechanics · 2025Article
- Body-worn inertial measurement units track knee flexion angles with similar accuracy to optical motion capture.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Influence of Sampling Rate on Wearable IMU Orientation Estimation Accuracy for Human Movement Analysis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Real-Time Estimation of Lower Limb Posture and Joint Angles Using Wearable IMUs: Reproduced Hemiparetic and Normal Gait.Japanese journal of comprehensive rehabilitation science · 2025Article
- Do PROMs or Sensor-Based Monitoring Detect Improvements in Patients' Knee Function After Total-Knee Arthroplasty?-A Study Protocol for a Prospective Controlled Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Validation of IMU against optical reference and development of open-source pipeline: proof of concept case report in a participant with transfemoral amputation fitted with a Percutaneous Osseointegrated Implant.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Three-Dimensional Human Posture Recognition by Extremity Angle Estimation with Minimal IMU Sensor.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Human motion data expansion from arbitrary sparse sensors with shallow recurrent decoders.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Enhancing accuracy and convenience of golf swing tracking with a wrist-worn single inertial sensor.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Vertical Center-of-Mass Braking and Motor Performance during Gait Initiation in Young Healthy Adults, Elderly Healthy Adults, and Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Comparison of Force-Plate and Markerless Motion Capture Systems.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Improving Balance and Movement Control in Fencing Using IoT and Real-Time Sensorial Feedback.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Wearable sensing for understanding and influencing human movement in ecological contexts.Current opinion in biomedical engineering · 2023Article
- Classifying Pre-Radiographic Osteoarthritis of the Knee Using Wearable Acoustics Sensing at the Point of Care.IEEE sensors journal · 2023Article
- Drift-Free Joint Angle Calculation Using Inertial Measurement Units without Magnetometers: An Exploration of Sensor Fusion Methods for the Elbow and Wrist.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Machine Learning Pipeline for Gait Analysis in a Semi Free-Living Environment.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Framework for Analytical Validation of Inertial-Sensor-Based Knee Kinematics Using a Six-Degrees-of-Freedom Joint Simulator.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Self-Calibrating Magnetometer-Free Inertial Motion Tracking of 2-DoF Joints.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Traditionally, inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based human joint angle estimation techniques are evaluated for general human motion where human joints explore all of their degrees of freedom. Pure human walking, in contrast, limits the motion of human joints and may lead to unobservability conditions that confound magnetometer-free IMU-based methods. This work explores the unobservability conditions emergent during human walking and expands upon a previous IMU-based method for the human knee to also estimate human hip angles relative to an assumed vertical datum. The proposed method is evaluated (N=12) in a human subject study and compared against an optical motion capture system. Accuracy of human knee flexion/extension angle (7.87∘ absolute root mean square error (RMSE)), hip flexion/extension angle (3.70∘ relative RMSE), and hip abduction/adduction angle (4.56∘ relative RMSE) during walking are similar to current state-of-the-art self-calibrating IMU methods that use magnetometers. Larger errors of hip internal/external rotation angle (6.27∘ relative RMSE) are driven by IMU heading drift characteristic of magnetometer-free approaches and non-hinge kinematics of the hip during gait, amongst other error sources. One of these sources of error, soft tissue perturbations during gait, is explored further in the context of knee angle estimation and it was observed that the IMU method may overestimate the angle during stance and underestimate the angle during swing. The presented method and results provide a novel combination of observability considerations, heuristic correction methods, and validation techniques to magnetic-blind, kinematic-only IMU-based skeletal pose estimation during human tasks with degenerate kinematics (e.g., straight line walking).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.