SynthesisNutrients2022
Role of Beta-Carotene in Lung Cancer Primary Chemoprevention: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental risk factors, protective factors and lifestyles for lung cancer: an umbrella review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Investigating Causal Associations of Circulating Micronutrients Concentrations with the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Carotenoids in the Context of the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern: From Food Matrix and Bioavailability to Biomarkers and Human Health.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Dietary risk factors for lung cancer: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational cancer research · 2026Review
- Food-Derived Natural Compounds as Molecular Targets in Cancer Prevention.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Lycopene, Carotenoids, and Retinoids in Cancer Chemoprevention: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Targeted Supplementation and Nutritional Strategies for Healthy Aging: A Review of Physiological and Molecular Benefits.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- A radio-genomics biomarker for precision epidermal growth factor receptor mutation targeting therapy in non-small cell lung cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy for Lung Cancer: Recent Development and Perspective.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- Carotenoid bioavailability in humans reflects the mammalian nocturnal bottleneck: a position paper.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2026Article
- European Code Against Cancer, 5th edition - diet, excess body weight, physical activity, sedentary behavior, breastfeeding, and cancer.Molecular oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- Cold atmospheric plasma is a promising strategy for treating diabetic retinopathy.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Antioxidant Food Supplementation in Cancer: Lessons from Clinical Trials and Insights from Preclinical Studies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Free Radicals in Health and Disease.MedComm · 2025Review
- Antioxidants and Reactive Oxygen Species: Shaping Human Health and Disease Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Hydrogel-embedded precision-cut lung slices support ex vivo culture of in vivo-induced premalignant lung lesions.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Aging and tumors: a dynamic interaction.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Dietary carotenoid intakes and biological aging among US adults, NHANES 1999-2018.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common neoplasms globally, with about 2.2 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths annually. Although the most important factor in reducing lung cancer risk is lifestyle change, most patients favour the use of supplements, for example, rather than quitting smoking or following a healthy diet. To better understand the efficacy of such interventions, a systematic review was performed of data from randomized controlled trials concerning the influence of beta-carotene supplementation on lung cancer risk in subjects with no lung cancer before the intervention. The search corpus comprised a number of databases and eight studies involving 167,141 participants, published by November 2021. The findings indicate that beta-carotene supplementation was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (RR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.06-1.26). This effect was even more noticeable among smokers and asbestos workers (RR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.08-1.35) and non-medics (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.07-1.29). A meta-regression found no relationship between the beta-carotene supplementation dose and the size of the negative effect associated with lung cancer risk. Our findings indicate that beta-carotene supplementation has no effect on lung cancer risk. Moreover, when used as the primary chemoprevention, beta-carotene may, in fact, increase the risk of lung cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.