Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35405169›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infection2022

Sociodemographic disparities in COVID-19 seroprevalence across England in the Oxford RCGP primary care sentinel network.

Heather Whitaker, Ruby S M Tsang, Elizabeth Button, Nick Andrews, Rachel Byford, Ray Borrow, F D Richard Hobbs, Tim Brooks, Gary Howsam, Kevin Brown and 12 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infection, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Heather WhitakerStatistics, Modelling and Economics Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK. Electronic address: heather.whitaker@phe.gov.uk.
Ruby S M TsangNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
Elizabeth ButtonNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
Nick AndrewsStatistics, Modelling and Economics Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK; Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Rachel ByfordNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
Ray BorrowVaccine Evaluation Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Manchester M13 9WL, UK.
F D Richard HobbsNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
Tim BrooksRare & Imported Pathogens Laboratory, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK.
Gary HowsamRoyal College General Practitioners, London NW1 2FB, UK.
Kevin BrownImmunisation and Countermeasures Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Jack MacartneyNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
Charlotte GowerImmunisation and Countermeasures Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Cecilia OkusiNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
Jacqueline HewsonDiagnostics and Genomics, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK.
Julian SherlockNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
Ezra LinleyVaccine Evaluation Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Manchester M13 9WL, UK.
Manasa TripathyNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
Ashley D OtterDiagnostics and Genomics, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK.
John WilliamsNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
Simon TongeVaccine Evaluation Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Manchester M13 9WL, UK.
Simon de LusignanNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
Gayatri AmirthalingamImmunisation and Countermeasures Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo monitor changes in seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in populations over time and between different demographic groups.

methodsA subset of practices in the Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) sentinel network provided serum samples, collected when volunteer patients had routine blood tests. We tested these samples for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using Abbott (Chicago, USA), Roche (Basel, Switzerland) and/or Euroimmun (Luebeck, Germany) assays, and linked the results to the patients' primary care computerised medical records. We report seropositivity by region and age group, and additionally examined the effects of gender, ethnicity, deprivation, rurality, shielding recommendation and smoking status.

resultsWe estimated seropositivity from patients aged 18-100 years old, which ranged from 4.1% (95% CI 3.1-5.3%) to 8.9% (95% CI 7.8-10.2%) across the different assays and time periods. We found higher Euroimmun seropositivity in younger age groups, people of Black and Asian ethnicity (compared to white), major conurbations, and non-smokers. We did not observe any significant effect by region, gender, deprivation, or shielding recommendation.

conclusionsOur results suggest that prior to the vaccination programme, most of the population remained unexposed to SARS-CoV-2.

Indexed as

COVID-19General PractitionersAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAntibodies, ViralEnglandHumansMiddle AgedPrimary Health CareSARS-CoV-2Seroepidemiologic StudiesYoung AdultAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19demographicsprimary careSARS-CoV-2SerologyseroprevalenceSurvey

Identifiers

PMID35405169
PMCPMC8993757

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.