ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2022
Rainfall and other meteorological factors as drivers of urban transmission of leptospirosis.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Epidemiological Scenario of Human Leptospirosis in Brazil from 2015 to 2024.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Regional and Seasonal Dynamics of Leptospirosis in Ukraine, 2023-2025.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal patterns and climate influences on leptospirosis in Sri Lanka from 2009 to 2024.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Leptospirosis in Southeast Asia: Investigating Seroprevalence, Transmission Patterns, and Diagnostic Challenges.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- Leptospirosis in the Caribbean Region between 2000 and 2022: A scoping review of morbidity and mortality.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Climate sensitivity is widely but unevenly spread across zoonotic diseases.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Urine PCR testing as an effective method for early diagnosis of leptospirosis.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- The Role of Hydrometeorological Factors in Leptospirosis Transmission in Central Java, Indonesia.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2025Article
- Unraveling the drivers of leptospirosis risk in Thailand using machine learning.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Evolution of human leptospirosis in French Guiana, 2016-2022.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Leptospirosis in Campinas, Brazil: The interplay between drainage, impermeable areas, and social vulnerability.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Observational
- Leptospirosis Cases During the 2024 Catastrophic Flood in Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Look and you will find-a literature review of new strains of Leptospira spp., 2000-2025.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- Flood-associated disease outbreaks and transmission in Southeast Asia.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Geographical factors and air raid alarms influence leptospirosis epidemiology in Ukraine (2018-2023).One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Identifying the Drivers Related to Animal Reservoirs, Environment, and Socio-Demography of Human Leptospirosis in Different Community Types of Southern Chile: An Application of Machine Learning Algorithm in One Health Perspective.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Epidemiological Features of Leptospirosis and Identification ofInfectious disease reports · 2024Article
- Surveillance of human leptospirosis infections in Ukraine between 2018 and 2023.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Decision-support tools to build climate resilience against emerging infectious diseases in Europe and beyond.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLeptospirosis is an important public health problem affecting vulnerable urban slum populations in developing country settings. However, the complex interaction of meteorological factors driving the temporal trends of leptospirosis remain incompletely understood. METHODS AND
findingsFrom March 1996-March 2010, we investigated the association between the weekly incidence of leptospirosis and meteorological anomalies in the city of Salvador, Brazil by using a dynamic generalized linear model that accounted for time lags, overall trend, and seasonal variation. Our model showed an increase of leptospirosis cases associated with higher than expected rainfall, lower than expected temperature and higher than expected humidity. There was a lag of one-to-two weeks between weekly values for significant meteorological variables and leptospirosis incidence. Independent of the season, a weekly cumulative rainfall anomaly of 20 mm increased the risk of leptospirosis by 12% compared to a week following the expected seasonal pattern. Finally, over the 14-year study period, the annual incidence of leptospirosis decreased significantly by a factor of 2.7 (8.3 versus 3.0 per 100,000 people), independently of variations in climate.
conclusionsStrategies to control leptospirosis should focus on avoiding contact with contaminated sources of Leptospira as well as on increasing awareness in the population and health professionals within the short time window after low-level or extreme high-level rainfall events. Increased leptospirosis incidence was restricted to one-to-two weeks after those events suggesting that infectious Leptospira survival may be limited to short time intervals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.