ReviewLab on a chip2022
Microscopic artificial cilia - a review.
Review in Lab on a chip, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Massart iron oxide nanoparticles in mechanobiology.Nanoscale advances · 2026Review
- Biomimetic Anisotropy for Directional Transport of Liquid and Solid Samples.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Robust Smart Superhydrophobic Cilia.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Soft Artificial Ciliary Brush with Integrated Haptic Feedback for Efficient Airway Mucus Cleaning.Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Magnetic Cilia with Programmable Beating Patterns for Vortex-Driven Mixing in Microfluidics.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2025Article
- Bio-inspired artificial hair flow sensors: a comprehensive review of design, fabrication, enhancements, and applications.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Review
- Lung-on-a-chip: From design principles to disease applications.Biomicrofluidics · 2025Review
- Cilia-Inspired Bionic Tactile E-Skin: Structure, Fabrication and Applications.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Sensory artificial cilia for in situ monitoring of airway physiological properties.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Flow Physics Guides Morphology of Ciliated Organs.Nature physics · 2024Article
- Curved Surfaces Induce Metachronal Motion of Microscopic Magnetic Cilia.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Design and Implementation of a Four-Unit Array Piezoelectric Bionic MEMS Vector Hydrophone.Micromachines · 2024Article
- Metachronal Motion of Biological and Artificial Cilia.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Bio-Inspired Magnetically Responsive Silicone Cilia: Fabrication Strategy and Interaction with Biological Mucus.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Forceful patterning: theoretical principles of mechanochemical pattern formation.EMBO reports · 2023Review
- Article
- Actuation-enhanced multifunctional sensing and information recognition by magnetic artificial cilia arrays.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- 3D-Printed Artificial Cilia Arrays: A Versatile Tool for Customizable Mechanosensing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Miniaturized metachronal magnetic artificial cilia.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cilia are microscopic hair-like external cell organelles that are ubiquitously present in nature, also within the human body. They fulfill crucial biological functions: motile cilia provide transportation of fluids and cells, and immotile cilia sense shear stress and concentrations of chemical species. Inspired by nature, scientists have developed artificial cilia mimicking the functions of biological cilia, aiming at application in microfluidic devices like lab-on-chip or organ-on-chip. By actuating the artificial cilia, for example by a magnetic field, an electric field, or pneumatics, microfluidic flow can be generated and particles can be transported. Other functions that have been explored are anti-biofouling and flow sensing. We provide a critical review of the progress in artificial cilia research and development as well as an evaluation of its future potential. We cover all aspects from fabrication approaches, actuation principles, artificial cilia functions - flow generation, particle transport and flow sensing - to applications. In addition to in-depth analyses of the current state of knowledge, we provide classifications of the different approaches and quantitative comparisons of the results obtained. We conclude that artificial cilia research is very much alive, with some concepts close to industrial implementation, and other developments just starting to open novel scientific opportunities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.