ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2022
The Multispecialty Toxin: A Literature Review of Botulinum Toxin.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A Injection in Pelvic Floor Muscles in Chronic Pelvic Pain Patients: A Double-Blinded Randomised Controlled Trial.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Trial
- Evolution of botulinum neurotoxin serotype X proteases to induce inflammatory cell death in cancer cells.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Dissecting conserved molecular mechanisms of biological toxin activity through CRISPR screening.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Botulinum neurotoxin: from molecular pathogenesis to emerging countermeasures.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026Review
- Article
- Botulinum Toxin Effects and Its Association with Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Post-Botulinum Headache in Cosmetic Practice: A Prospective Study.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Observational
- Evaluation of Aesthetic Outcomes Following Botulinum Toxin Treatment Using Multimodal Large Language Models: A Paired Before-and-After Analysis.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2026Article
- Botulinum toxin treatment in a resource-limited setting: Experiences from a public institution in a developing countryBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2025Article
- The Effects of Botulinum Toxin on Vascular Diameter: A Preliminary Report.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxins as Two-Faced Janus Proteins.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Penile shear-wave elastography predicts the outcome of botulinum neurotoxin (Botox) in the management of non-responders to phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors: A pilot study.Arab journal of urology · 2025Article
- Effects of Intraparietal Gastric Botulinum Toxin-A Injection on Weight Loss: A Retrospective Study of 500 Patients.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- Interventions in functional epiphora-a systematic review.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Vascular Effects of Botulinum Toxin in Human Skin.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Exploring New and Potential Indications for Botulinum Toxin Treatment: An Updated Literature Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Insights from 25 years of onabotulinumtoxinA in migraine - mechanisms and management.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- Factors associated with the use of botulinum toxin injections for adult strabismus in the IRIS Registry.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2024Article
- Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Botox Application and Iatrogenic Botulism: Panacea or Peril?Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Review
- Lessons from a recent multicountry iatrogenic botulism outbreak.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is a potent biological exotoxin produced from Methods: A literature review was conducted in the PubMed database limited to English language articles. Specific search terms related to botulinum toxin in combination with various subspecialty fields were used, and relevant articles were identified and analyzed. The reference section for each article was also searched to find additional articles. Results: BoNT is a powerful therapeutic tool and has a vast array of clinical uses in many specialties, including ophthalmology, neurology, plastic surgery, dermatology, orthopedic, gastrointestinal, gynecology, urology, and rheumatology. Due to its chemodenervation effects at the presynaptic nerve terminal, it is useful in treatments of disorders characterized by abnormal inappropriate muscle contractions. Conclusions: BoNT has many clinical applications in several medical specialties. Future studies should focus on any additional indications of BoNT therapy as they arise and on any novel product developments.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.