ArticleCureus2022
Incidence of Hyponatremia and Associated Factors in Preterm Infants in Saudi Arabia.
Article in Cureus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maintenance intravenous fluid therapy in infants with sepsis and hyponatremia: a clinical trial.BMC pediatrics · 2024Trial
- Hyponatremia in the neonatal intensive care unit: incidence, risk factors and effect on mortality.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Preterm Infant Enteral Feeding Practices in Saudi Arabia: A Scoping Review.Saudi journal of medicine & medical sciencesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the incidence of hyponatremia in preterm infants. The secondary aim was to determine the risk factors of late-onset of hyponatremia (LOH) and their influence on neonatal outcomes. STUDY
designThe present study is a retrospective cohort study of 71 preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation at King Abdulaziz University Hospital and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, level 3, from January to December 2019. Hyponatremia was defined as a sodium level ≤ 132 mEq/L. Retrieved maternal characteristics included age, parity, booking status, medical problems, antenatal steroids, and method of delivery. Retrieved infant characteristics included birth weight, gestational age, Apgar scores, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), breast milk or formula feeding, and body weight. as well as data on early onset of sepsis, chronic lung disease (CLD), patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, and prescribed antibiotics and diuretics.
resultsOut of 72 preterm infants, 27% were diagnosed with hyponatremia. Early-onset hyponatremia (EOH) affected 7% (n=5) of the infants while 22.5% (n=16) of preterm neonates developed LOH (two infants developed both EOH and LOH). None of the investigated maternal characteristics were significantly associated with hyponatremia. Some infant characteristics were significantly associated with LOH: lower birth weight, lower gestational age, exclusive breastfeeding, longer duration TPN, and use of diuretics and antibiotics. Infants with LOH had longer hospital stays (p < 0.001) and higher risks of extra-uterine growth retardation (p = 0.007), CLD (p < 0.001), and sepsis (p = 0.001).
conclusionTwenty-seven percent of preterm infants in King Abdul Aziz University Hospital are born with or develop hyponatremia. Risk factors significantly associated with LOH included lower gestational age, lower birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, long-term TPN, and prescribed diuretics and antibiotics. Possible outcomes of hyponatremia were long-term hospital stays, growth retardation, sepsis, and CLD.
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