Clinical Efficacy of the Antibiotic-Loaded Collagen Sponge During Arthroscopic Treatment of Acute Septic Arthritis of the Native Knee.

Background: To completely eliminate an infection, the antibiotic concentration must exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration for the causative pathogens. The antibiotic-loaded collagen sponge (ALCS) has been used to manage an infection through a high local concentration of antibiotics. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of ALCS in the arthroscopic treatment of patients with acute septic arthritis of the native knee. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed the data for 132 consecutive patients with acute septic arthritis of the knee who underwent arthroscopic debridement between 2013 and 2019. Patients with a history of surgery in the affected joint, concomitant osteomyelitis, or accompanying medical infection were excluded. The study patients were divided into 2 groups based on the use of ALCS during surgery. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were temporally measured to normalization and the duration of intravenous antibiotic administration was recorded, and the mean length of hospital stay was compared between the groups. Independent Results: Of the 132 patients, 88 were ultimately included in this study; 51 patients were managed without ALCS and 37 were treated with ALCS. There were statistically significant differences between groups in the mean period for CRP-level normalization (15.2 ± 8.2 days [ALCS] vs 26.2 ± 14.7 days [without ALCS]; Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that ALCS was able to reduce the duration of CRP-level normalization, intravenous antibiotic use, and hospitalization in patients who underwent arthroscopic irrigation and debridement for acute septic arthritis of the native knee.