The efficacy of endobronchial valves for the treatment of bronchopleural fistula: a single-arm clinical trial.

Background: A bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is defined as communication between the bronchus and pleural cavity, and it is a dreaded complication of severe pulmonary disease. Surgical intervention, pleurodesis, and prolonged chest tube drainage have several disadvantages. To overcome these, many attempts have been made to treat BPF with bronchoscopy, especially with the insertion of an endobronchial one-way valve (EBV). Endobronchial valves for the treatment of BPF which had less trauma, relatively short operation time, better safety, and patients are more likely to accept this operation. If there is a definite efficacy, it should be widely used in later clinical practice. This study aimed to confirm the efficacy of endobronchial valves for the treatment of BPF. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 26 patients who were treated for BPF using an EBV between August 2017 and October 2020. This sample constitutes all patients treated in our hospital (Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine) for this condition and with this intervention during this timeframe. We collected general information about the patient, complications of the procedure, and chest tube indwelling to assess the efficacy and safety of the procedure. Results: A total of 26 patients underwent EBV placement procedures; left upper lobe (LUL) was the most common lobe in which the valves were placed. The underlying etiologies for BPF were postoperative BPF (50%; n=14), pneumothorax (15%; n=4), non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) (19%; n=5), and tuberculosis (12%; n=3). Eleven patients underwent chest tube insertion. The average chest tube duration in the group of patients before receiving valves was 66 days (median, 65 days; range, 14-187 days). The average duration after which the chest tube was removed was 17.5 days after EBV placement (median, 7 days; range, 2-90 days). The effective rate of EBV for the treatment of BPF was 73.1%. Patients for whom the valves were not removed, there were no valve related complications. Conclusions: EBV placement is a relatively mature procedure, which is safe and effective, and generates less trauma and fewer complications. And this intervention may be suitable for wide application in clinical practice.