Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2022
Identifying Promising Themes for Adolescent Vaping Warnings: A National Experiment.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of vaping prevention campaign messages on cognitive and behaviorally proximal outcomes among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Health Messaging Strategies for Vaping Prevention and Cessation Among Youth and Young Adults: A Systematic Review.Health communication · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Vaping Prevention Messages on Electronic Vapor Product Beliefs, Perceived Harms, and Behavioral Intentions among Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Impact of Vaping Prevention Advertisements on US Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Applying a mixed-methods approach to evaluate and tailor electronic cigarette pictorial health warning labels for young adults in the United States.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Health warnings for electronic cigarette packaging: a rapid scoping review.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Contingent Effects of E-Cigarette Warning Label Messages on Cognitive Elaboration and Fear Among U.S. Youth Ages 14-17 by Vaping Experience and Peer Vaping Behavior.Health communication · 2025Article
- The Role of e-Cigarette Packaging as a Health Communications Tool: A Focus Group Study With Adolescents and Adults in England and Scotland.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Advertisement Trends After US Federal Policy Changes.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- The effectiveness of anti-vaping health communication campaigns among high school and college students in the U.S.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- A Content Analysis of Nicotine Descriptors on the Front of Vape Packaging in the United Kingdom.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Quitting on TikTok: Effects of Message Themes, Frames, and Sources on Engagement with Vaping Cessation Videos.Journal of health communication · 2024Article
- Identifying promising themes and messages for youth vaping prevention: A national study.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Managing a policy paradox? Responses to textual warning labels on E-cigarette advertisements among U.S. national samples of youth overall and adults who smoke or vape.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Impact of E-liquid Packaging on Vaping Product Perceptions Among Youth in England, Canada, and the United States: A Randomized Online Experiment.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Youth Exposure and Response to the FDA Health Warning Label on Electronic Cigarettes Packaging: Policy Implications.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- When Cigarette Smoking Meets COVID-19: How the Two Types of Threat and Efficacy Perceptions Interactively Predict Danger Control and Fear Control Processes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- E-cigarettes: A continuing public health challenge in India despite comprehensive bans.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionAdolescent vaping remains a problem in the United States, yet little is known about what health warning themes most discourage vaping among adolescents. We sought to identify the most compelling themes for vaping warnings for US adolescents.
methodsParticipants were a national probability sample of 623 US adolescents aged 13-17 years, recruited in the summer of 2020. Adolescents were randomized to one of the five warning message themes about the potential health effects of vaping: 1. chemical harms, 2. lung harms, 3. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) harms, 4. nicotine addiction, or 5. control (messages about vape litter). The primary outcome was perceived message effectiveness (PME; 3-item scale). Secondary outcomes were negative affect (fear), attention, anticipated social interactions, and message novelty.
resultsAdolescents rated the chemical, lung, and COVID-19 harms warning messages higher on PME than nicotine addiction and control (all p < .05), while nicotine addiction was rated higher than control (p < .05). The chemical, lung, and COVID-19 harms warning themes also elicited greater negative affect than nicotine addiction and control (all p < .05). For all other secondary outcomes, the COVID-19 harms warning message theme was rated higher than nicotine addiction and control (all p < .05).
conclusionAdolescents perceived warning message themes about lung, chemical and COVID-19 health effects of vaping as more effective than nicotine addiction. To discourage vaping, the FDA and others should communicate to youth about the health effects of vaping beyond nicotine addiction. IMPLICATIONS: Adolescents rated warning message themes about the lung, chemical, and COVID-19 health effects of vaping as more effective than nicotine addiction, while nicotine addiction was rated as more effective than control themes about vaping litter. To discourage vaping among adolescents, health messaging should expand message themes to communicate about a broader set of health effects of vaping beyond nicotine addiction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.