ReviewJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2022
Botulinum toxin therapy: past, present and future developments.
Review in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06788158 (Clinical Effects of the Intralesional Application of Incobotulinum Toxin vs Corticosteroid in Patients With Plantar Fascitis), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Clinical Effects of the Intralesional Application of Incobotulinum Toxin vs Corticosteroid in Patients With Plantar Fascitis
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Manufacture of the first FDA-approved batches of 900 kilodalton crystalline type a botulinum toxin for clinical use: a personal remembrance.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Design and Characterization of Recombinant and Chimeric BoNT/A Neurotoxins with Receptor-Binding Domain Grafting.Toxins · 2026Article
- Enteric botulinum neurotoxins facilitate infection byScience advances · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and predictors of prolonged hospitalization in patients with cosmetic botulinum toxin poisoning: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Optimal botulinum toxin therapy of dystonia in Germany: what would it cost?Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Botulinum neurotoxin Light Chain/A1 uses fast synaptic vesicle cycling to cleave plasma membrane bound SNAP-25.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Botulinum toxin treatment in a resource-limited setting: Experiences from a public institution in a developing countryBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2025Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxins: History, Mechanism, and Applications. A Narrative Review.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Development of Effective Medical Countermeasures Against the Main Biowarfare Agents: The Importance of Antibodies.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Depression Treatment: Is There a Role for Botulinum Toxin Type A?Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Neurotoxin-Derived Optical Probes for Elucidating Molecular and Developmental Biology of Neurons and Synaptic Connections : Toxin-Derived Optical Probes for Neuroimaging.Molecular imaging and biology · 2024Review
- Exploring New and Potential Indications for Botulinum Toxin Treatment: An Updated Literature Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- The Synergistic Effects of Incobotulinum Toxin and Physiotherapy in a Rare Case of Paraparesis in a 7-Year-Old Affected by Klippel-Feil Syndrome Related to anJournal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Embracing the Versatility of Botulinum Neurotoxins in Conventional and New Therapeutic Applications.Toxins · 2024Review
- Blocking insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling pathway inhibits neuromuscular junction regeneration after botulinum toxin-A treatment.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Special Issue: Gram-Positive Bacterial Toxins.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- A Low Concentration of Citreoviridin Prevents Both Intracellular Calcium Deposition in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell and Osteoclast Activation In Vitro.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- How Does Botulinum Toxin Inhibit Itch?Toxins · 2022Review
- Corrections required for Dressler and Johnson 2022.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2022Article
- Mind the gap: a German case study on the discrepancy between geographic accessibility and real-world utilization of botulinum toxin therapy.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although botulinum toxin (BT) is now being used in a large number of different indications in numerous medical specialties, there is still dynamic and rapid development. Treatment algorithms were improved by the introduction of BT short-interval therapy, BT high-dose therapy and improved dosing guidelines. Ultrasound guidance may be helpful in special situations. New indication areas including depression and inflammatory processes are being explored. Drug development projects are mainly focusing on onabotulinumtoxinA analogues, some are addressing liquid preparations and modifications of BT's duration of action. Recombinant BT may simplify production processes. Cell-based assays for potency measurement will soon be required by registration authorities. Treatment algorithms will be further refined and indications will be expanded. New indication areas are still uncertain. BT type A will remain the drug substance of choice. Removal of complexing proteins seems logical. Whether there is a need for BT drugs with modified duration of action and for liquid preparations, is unclear. Bringing BT therapy to those who need it, is the biggest challenge. Current high-price business models need to be changed, either by employing a biosimilar registration approach or by referring to companies from countries where business models are based on different cost structures.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.