ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2022
WHO Ordinal Scale and Inflammation Risk Categories in COVID-19. Comparative Study of the Severity Scales.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Serum C-reactive protein greater than 75 mg/dL as an early available laboratory predictor of severe COVID-19: A systematic review.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Pooled it
- Adjunctive therapy with lipid-lowering agents in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Lipids in health and disease · 2023Pooled it
- Use of defibrotide in COVID-19 pneumonia: comparison of a phase II study and a matched real-world cohort control.Haematologica · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Glutathione Depletion in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Mechanistic Significance and Potential Association with Ventilatory Support.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- LongitudinalJournal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Article
- ICU Admission and Post-Discharge Mortality in COVID-19: Different Risk Factors Across Clinical Phases.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- Host proteins associated with strong neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in a South African cohort.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Prediction of Functional Outcomes at Discharge Using Plasma Concentration of von Willebrand Factor Antigen at Admission in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.Annals of vascular diseases · 2026Article
- Factors associated with severe neurological sequelae of COVID-19: findings from the multicenter COVID-BRAIN imaging cohort.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Prognostic factors for mortality and respiratory failure in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 after three-dose vaccination: a retrospective cohort study during the Omicron period.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Safety and effectiveness of remdesivir in COVID-19 patients with liver dysfunction: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Distinct brain alterations and neurodegenerative processes in cognitive impairment associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Digitally Assessed Long COVID Symptomatology Is Associated With Lymphocyte Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Altered Immune Potential.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- New scoring system combining WHO ordinal scale and MASCC score in predicting mortality of COVID-19 patients with malignancy and neutropenia: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in children exhibit higher FcR engagement and avidity than in adults.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Genetic and Inflammatory Signatures Associated With Worse Prognosis in Hospitalized Patients With Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection With and Without Diabetes.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for Liver Injury and Their Association with Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
26 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe WHO ordinal severity scale has been used to predict mortality and guide trials in COVID-19. However, it has its limitations.
objectiveThe present study aims to compare three classificatory and predictive models: the WHO ordinal severity scale, the model based on inflammation grades, and the hybrid model.
designRetrospective cohort study with patient data collected and followed up from March 1, 2020, to May 1, 2021, from the nationwide SEMI-COVID-19 Registry. The primary study outcome was in-hospital mortality. As this was a hospital-based study, the patients included corresponded to categories 3 to 7 of the WHO ordinal scale. Categories 6 and 7 were grouped in the same category. KEY
resultsA total of 17,225 patients were included in the study. Patients classified as high risk in each of the WHO categories according to the degree of inflammation were as follows: 63.8% vs. 79.9% vs. 90.2% vs. 95.1% (p<0.001). In-hospital mortality for WHO ordinal scale categories 3 to 6/7 was as follows: 0.8% vs. 24.3% vs. 45.3% vs. 34% (p<0.001). In-hospital mortality for the combined categories of ordinal scale 3a to 5b was as follows: 0.4% vs. 1.1% vs. 11.2% vs. 27.5% vs. 35.5% vs. 41.1% (p<0.001). The predictive regression model for in-hospital mortality with our proposed combined ordinal scale reached an AUC=0.871, superior to the two models separately.
conclusionsThe present study proposes a new severity grading scale for COVID-19 hospitalized patients. In our opinion, it is the most informative, representative, and predictive scale in COVID-19 patients to date.
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