ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2022
Bacterial origins of human cell-autonomous innate immune mechanisms.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 138 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immune safeguarding as a conserved principle of antiviral defence.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Article
- Purine and pyrimidine-based bacterial cyclic dinucleotides egress the phagosome and activate the innate immune sensor STING.Immunity · 2026Article
- Phage terminase recognition by the bacterial immune sensors Avs2 and Upx.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- An ancient anthozoan protein reveals an alternative evolutionary path of antiviral signalling.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- END nucleases are antiphage defence systems targeting multiple phages with modified genomes.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- DNA modifications of Durham Collection phages and promiscuity of GmrSD-family Type IV restriction enzyme BrxU.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Human XIRP1 is a new podosome protein targeting cytosolic bacteria as part of the IFN-γ defense program.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Structural genomics sheds light on protein functions and remote homologs across the insect tree of life.Cell research · 2026Article
- Eukaryotic domestication of a bacterial immune protein following horizontal transfer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- FADD is recruited to activated STING oligomers to initiate caspase-mediated NF-κB activation in Drosophila melanogaster.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Diversity and evolution of archaeal immune strategies.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Structural basis of Retron-Eco8-mediated antiphage defense.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Article
- The heat-ramp method to study regulated cell death in a pathogenic yeastbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Bacterial defense systems: Mechanisms, homology to eukaryotic immune systems, and applications.Zoological research · 2026Review
- cGAS-STING signaling pathway in MASLD and liver fibrosis.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Manipulation of the nucleotide pool in human, bacterial and plant immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Immunometabolism drives metabolic and infectious disease progression through bidirectional metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The cell-autonomous innate immune system enables animal cells to resist viral infection. This system comprises an array of sensors that, after detecting viral molecules, activate the expression of antiviral proteins and the interferon response. The repertoire of immune sensors and antiviral proteins has long been considered to be derived from extensive evolutionary innovation in vertebrates, but new data challenge this dogma. Recent studies show that central components of the cell-autonomous innate immune system have ancient evolutionary roots in prokaryotic genes that protect bacteria from phages. These include the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing pathogen receptors, the viperin family of antiviral proteins, SAMHD1-like nucleotide-depletion enzymes, gasdermin proteins and key components of the RNA interference pathway. This Perspective details current knowledge of the elements of antiviral immunity that are conserved from bacteria to humans, and presents possible evolutionary scenarios to explain the observed conservation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.