Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35395737›Full record

ArticleBMC medical imaging2022

Accuracy of advanced deep learning with tensorflow and keras for classifying teeth developmental stages in digital panoramic imaging.

Norhasmira Mohammad, Anuar Mikdad Muad, Rohana Ahmad, Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd Yusof

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical imaging, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

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  4. Artificial intelligence model for application in dental traumatology.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2025
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  15. An explainable artificial intelligence system for diagnosingTherapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2023
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Norhasmira MohammadCenter for Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostics and Medicine Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
Anuar Mikdad MuadCenter for Integrated Systems Engineering and Advanced Technologies (INTEGRA), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Rohana AhmadCenter for Restorative Dentistry Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd YusofCenter for Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostics and Medicine Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia. yusmiaidil@uitm.edu.my.ORCID 0000-0002-5676-3571

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study aims to propose the combinations of image processing and machine learning model to segment the maturity development of the mandibular premolars using a Keras-based deep learning convolutional neural networks (DCNN) model.

methodsA dataset consisting of 240 images (20 images per stage per sex) of retrospect digital dental panoramic imaging of patients between 5 and 14 years of age was retrieved. In image preprocessing, abounding box with a dimension of 250 × 250 pixels was assigned to the left mandibular first (P1) and second (P2) permanent premolars. The implementation of dynamic programming of active contour (DP-AC) and convolutions neural network on images that require the procedure of image filtration using Python TensorFlow and Keras libraries were performed in image segmentation and classification, respectively.

resultsImage segmentation using the DP-AC algorithm enhanced the visibility of the image features in the region of interest while suppressing the image's background noise. The proposed model has an accuracy of 97.74%, 96.63% and 78.13% on the training, validation, and testing set, respectively. In addition, moderate agreement (Kappa value = 0.58) between human observer and computer were identified. Nonetheless, a robust DCNN model was achieved as there is no sign of the model's over-or under-fitting upon the learning process.

conclusionsThe application of digital imaging and deep learning techniques used by the DP-AC and convolutions neural network algorithms to segment and identify premolars provides promising results for semi-automated forensic dental staging in the future.

Indexed as

BicuspidDeep LearningAlgorithmsHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedNeural Networks, ComputerDeep learningDigital dental panoramic radiographsPremolarTooth segmentation

Identifiers

PMID35395737
PMCPMC8991580

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.