Trial reportClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2022
Circulating Immune Cell and Outcome Analysis from the Phase II Study of PD-L1 Blockade with Durvalumab for Newly Diagnosed and Recurrent Glioblastoma.
Trial report in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advancements and challenges: immunotherapy therapy in high-grade glioma - a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review of immunotherapy in high-grade glioma: learning from the past to shape future perspectives.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 in treatment of glioma: a single-arm meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Pembrolizumab monotherapy for microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair deficient recurrent gliomas: results from the multicohort KEYNOTE-158 study.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Trial
- Tumor transcriptional state predicts survival in immune-checkpoint-blockade-treated glioblastoma.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Precision Immunotherapeutics for Glioblastoma: Current Approaches and Emerging Strategies in 2026.Cells · 2026Review
- Local Tumor Microenvironment Niches Correlate With Survival And Immunotherapy Response In Human Glioblastoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Recurrent Glioblastoma and the Tumor Immune Landscape: Emerging Immunotherapeutic Strategies.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- Biomarkers for predicting immunotherapy response and resistance in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) 2009-2025: Broad scope and implementation-A progress report.Neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Role of Glutamate Excitotoxicity in Glioblastoma Growth and Its Implications in Treatment.Cell biology international · 2025Review
- Identification of inflammation-related genes signature to establish a prognostic model in MGMT unmethylated glioblastoma patients.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Treatment mechanism and research progress of bevacizumab for glioblastoma.American journal of cancer research · 2025Review
- Understanding the Immune System and Biospecimen-Based Response in Glioblastoma: A Practical Guide to Utilizing Signal Redundancy for Biomarker and Immune Signature Discovery.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy for glioblastoma: current state, challenges, and future perspectives.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- Delivery of extracellular vesicles loaded with immune checkpoint inhibitors for immunotherapeutic management of glioma.Materials today. Bio · 2024Article
- Microenvironmental regulation of tumor-associated neutrophils in malignant glioma: from mechanism to therapy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Glioblastoma microenvironment-from biology to therapy.Genes & development · 2024Review
- PET Imaging of Peptide Probe Al[Molecular pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- From glioma gloom to immune bloom: unveiling novel immunotherapeutic paradigms-a review.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 13 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposePD-L1 is upregulated in glioblastoma and supports immunosuppression. We evaluated PD-L1 blockade with durvalumab among glioblastoma cohorts and investigated potential biomarkers. PATIENTS AND
methodsMGMT unmethylated newly diagnosed patients received radiotherapy plus durvalumab (cohort A; n = 40). Bevacizumab-naïve, recurrent patients received durvalumab alone (cohort B; n = 31) or in combination with standard bevacizumab (cohort B2; n = 33) or low-dose bevacizumab (cohort B3; n = 33). Bevacizumab-refractory patients received durvalumab plus bevacizumab (cohort C; n = 22). Primary endpoints were: OS-12 (A), PFS-6 (B, B2, B3), and OS-6 (C). Exploratory biomarkers included: a systematic, quantitative, and phenotypic evaluation of circulating immune cells; tumor mutational burden (TMB); and tumor immune activation signature (IAS).
resultsNo cohort achieved the primary efficacy endpoint. Outcome was comparable among recurrent, bevacizumab-naïve cohorts. No unexpected toxicities were observed. A widespread reduction of effector immune cell subsets was noted among recurrent patients compared with newly diagnosed patients that was partially due to dexamethasone use. A trend of increased CD8+Ki67+ T cells at day 15 was noted among patients who achieved the primary endpoint and were not on dexamethasone. Neither TMB nor IAS predicted outcome.
conclusionsPatients with recurrent glioblastoma have markedly lower baseline levels of multiple circulating immune cell subsets compared with newly diagnosed patients. An early increase in systemic Ki67+CD8+ cells may warrant further evaluation as a potential biomarker of therapeutic benefit among patients with glioblastoma undergoing checkpoint therapy. Dexamethasone decreased immune cell subsets. PD-L1 blockade and combination with standard or reduced dose bevacizumab was ineffective.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.