ArticlePloS one2022
West Nile and Usutu virus seroprevalence in Hungary: A nationwide serosurvey among blood donors in 2019.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modelling the risk of West Nile virus infection in seven European countries from published serological and case notification data, 2008 to 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Pooled it
- Human West Nile virus infection: a meta-analysis of recent global data (2019-24).Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and characterization of West Nile virus infections among people living with HIV in Northern Italy: a sero-repository analysis.Infection · 2026Article
- Blood donor West Nile virus screening identifies three autochthonous Usutu virus infections in Spain.Transfusion · 2026Article
- Vector-Borne Infections in Romania: From Surveillance to Prediction.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- First documented case of a fatal autochthonous Usutu virus infection in an immunocompromised patient in Hungary: a clinical-virological report and implications from the literature.Virology journal · 2025Article
- STAT1-mediated interferon signaling in the hematopoietic system is essential for restricting Usutu virus infection in vivo.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence of West Nile virus, Greece, 2020.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- An Assessment of West Nile and Usutu Viruses' Seroprevalence in Hospitalized Patients: A Preliminary Study on Flavivirus Exposure in Eastern Romania.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Trends in ELISA-Based Flavivirus IgG Serosurveys: A Systematic Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
- Usutu virus: An emerging flavivirus with potential threat to public health in Africa: Nigeria as a case study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
- Review
- Screening of Circulation of Usutu and West Nile Viruses: A One Health Approach in Humans, Domestic Animals and Mosquitoes in Burkina Faso, West Africa.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Long-Term Humoral Immune Response After West Nile Virus Convalescence in Horses in a Geographic Area of Multiple Orthoflavivirus Co-Circulation.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
- Seroprevalence study of West Nile virus and Usutu virus in blood, organs, cells and tissue donors in Italy, 2021-2022.Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangueArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In Hungary, West Nile virus (WNV) has been responsible for 459 laboratory confirmed human cases between 2004 and 2019, while the first human Usutu virus (USUV) infection was confirmed only in 2018. A comprehensive serosurvey was conducted among blood donors to assess the WNV and USUV seroprevalence in 2019, one year after the largest European WNV epidemic. Altogether, 3005 plasma samples were collected and screened for WNV and USUV specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). All reactive samples were further tested for tick-borne encephalitis virus IgG antibodies by ELISA. Indirect immunofluorescence test and microneutralization assay were used as confirmatory methods. Overall, the WNV seroprevalence was 4.32%, and in five blood donors USUV seropositivity was confirmed. The highest seroprevalence was measured in Central, Eastern and Southern Hungary, while the Western part of the country proved to be less affected. There was a statistically strong association between the WNV seroprevalence of 2019 and the cumulative incidence in the period of 2004 and 2019 calculated for every NUTS 3 region. The last WNV serological screening was performed in 2016 and the prevalence of anti-WNV IgG proved to be 2.19%. One year after the 2018 WNV outbreak, a significant increase in seroprevalence was observed in the Hungarian population and evidence for USUV seropositivity was also obtained. The spatial pattern of seroprevalence can support the identification of high-risk areas raising awareness of the need for increased surveillance, such as screening vector, equine, and avian populations. The communication with general practitioners and other professionals in primary health care services can support the early identification of acute human cases. Education and awareness-raising on the importance of protection against mosquito vectors amongst residents are also important parts of preventive measures.
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