ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2022
e-Cigarette Use and Combustible Cigarette Smoking Initiation Among Youth: Accounting for Time-Varying Exposure and Time-Dependent Confounding.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of the effectiveness, safety and acceptance of nicotine replacement therapy use for vaping cessation in youth aged 17 years or younger.Systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Interventions to change vaping harm perceptions and associations between harm perceptions and vaping and smoking behaviours: A systematic review.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking in young people: A systematic review.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between e-cigarette use among non-tobacco users and initiating smoking of combustible cigarettes.Harm reduction journal · 2024Pooled it
- Temporal Data Structure Is Not Causal Identification: A Practical Framework for Appraising Causal Claims in Prevention and Population Health Research.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2026Article
- Prevalence and correlates of ever and current dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among adolescents in Saudi Arabia.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of quitline services on tobacco cessation: an application of modern epidemiologic methods.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Observational
- Characterization of a novel oronasal-restricted nicotine vaping self-administration model in mice.Neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Tweeted, Trolled, Twisted: Battling for Narrative Control in E-Cigarette Use Prevention Campaigns (2014-2020).Journal of health communication · 2025Article
- Flavored combustible tobacco product initiation in two longitudinal youth cohorts in the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study: 2013-2016 and 2016-2019.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Addressing Cardiovascular Toxicity Risk of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems in the Twenty-First Century: "What Are the Tools Needed for the Job?" and "Do We Have Them?"Cardiovascular toxicology · 2024Review
- Factors influencing JUUL e-cigarette nicotine vapour-induced reward, withdrawal, pharmacokinetics and brain connectivity in rats: sex matters.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Trends in Current Electronic Cigarette Use Among Youths by Age, Sex, and Race and Ethnicity.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Tobacco market trends in 97 countries between 2007 and 2021.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- The interaction of e-cigarette use and mental health symptoms on risk of cigarette smoking initiation among young adults in the United States.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
- E-Cigarette Use Among US Adults in the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- E-cigarette Device Type, Source, and Use Behaviors of Youth and Young Adults: Findings from the Truth Longitudinal Cohort (2020-2021).Substance use & misuse · 2023Article
- E-Cigarette Use Is Associated with Increased Psychological Distress among Youth: A Pooled Cross-Sectional Analysis of State-Level Data from 2019 and 2021.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Assessment of Patterns in e-Cigarette Use Among Adults in the US, 2017-2020.JAMA network open · 2022Article
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundYouth e-cigarette use is associated with the initiation of combustible cigarette smoking, but prior studies have rarely accounted for time-varying measures of e-cigarette exposure or time-dependent confounding of e-cigarette use and smoking initiation.
methodsUsing five waves of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (2013-2019), we estimated marginal structural models with inverse probability of treatment and censoring weights to examine the association between time-varying e-cigarette initiation and subsequent cigarette smoking initiation among e-cigarette- and cigarette-naïve youth (12-17 years) at baseline. Time-dependent confounders used as predictors in inverse probability weights included tobacco-related attitudes or beliefs, mental health symptoms, substance use, and tobacco-marketing exposure.
resultsAmong 9,584 youth at baseline, those who initiated e-cigarettes were 2.4 times as likely to subsequently initiate cigarette smoking as youth who did not initiate e-cigarettes (risk ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.1, 2.7), after accounting for time-dependent confounding and selection bias. Among youth who initiated e-cigarettes, more frequent vaping was associated with greater risk of smoking initiation (risk ratio ≥3 days/month = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.4, 2.2; 1-2 days/month = 1.2; 95% CI = 0.93, 1.6 vs. 0 days/month). Weighted marginal structural model estimates were moderately attenuated compared with unweighted estimates adjusted for baseline-only confounders. At the US population level, we estimated over half a million youth initiated cigarette smoking because of prior e-cigarette use over follow-up.
conclusionsThe association between youth vaping and combustible cigarette smoking persisted after accounting for time-dependent confounding. We estimate that e-cigarette use accounts for a considerable share of cigarette initiation among US youth. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B937.
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