ArticlePrehospital emergency care2023
A Geospatial Evaluation of 9-1-1 Ambulance Transports for Children and Emergency Department Pediatric Readiness.
Article in Prehospital emergency care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Child Opportunity Index Levels and Disparities in Access to Pediatric-ready Emergency Departments.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Changes in Access to High Pediatric Readiness Emergency Care in the United States from 2013 to 2021.The Journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Rural-Urban Differences in Emergency Department Choice for Children With Medical Complexity, 2012-2017.Pediatric emergency care · 2025Article
- Travel Distances for Interhospital Transfers of Critically Ill Children: A Geospatial Analysis.Critical care explorations · 2024Article
- The hospital costs of high emergency department pediatric readiness.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Article
- Pediatric Disaster Science: Understanding Needs, Highlighting Imperatives, and Leveraging Opportunities.NAM perspectives · 2024Review
- Emergency Department Pediatric Readiness and Short-term and Long-term Mortality Among Children Receiving Emergency Care.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Assessing proximity effect of high-acuity pediatric emergency departments on the pediatric readiness scores in neighboring general emergency departments.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWhether ambulance transport patterns are optimized to match children to high-readiness emergency departments (EDs) and the resulting effect on survival are unknown. We quantified the number of children transported by 9-1-1 emergency medical services (EMS) to high-readiness EDs, additional children within 30 minutes of a high-readiness ED, and the estimated effect on survival.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study using data from the National EMS Information System for 5,461 EMS agencies in 28 states from 1/1/2012 through 12/31/2019, matched to the 2013 National Pediatric Readiness Project assessment of ED pediatric readiness. We performed a geospatial analysis of children 0 to 17 years requiring 9-1-1 EMS transport to acute care hospitals, including day-, time-, and traffic-adjusted estimates for driving times to all EDs within 30 minutes of the scene. We categorized receiving hospitals by quartile of ED pediatric readiness using the weighted Pediatric Readiness Score (wPRS, range 0-100) and defined a high-risk subgroup of children as a proxy for admission. We used published estimates for the survival benefit of high readiness EDs to estimate the number of lives saved.
resultsThere were 808,536 children transported by EMS, of whom 253,541 (31.4%) were high-risk. Among the 2,261 receiving hospitals, the median wPRS was 70 (IQR 57-85, range 26-100) and the median number of receiving hospitals within 30 minutes was 4 per child (IQR 2-11, range 1 to 53). Among all children, 411,685 (50.9%) were taken to EDs in the highest quartile of pediatric readiness, and 180,547 (22.3%) children transported to lower readiness EDs were within 30 minutes of a high readiness ED. Findings were similar among high-risk children. Based on high-risk children, we estimated that 3,050 pediatric lives were saved by transport to high-readiness EDs and an additional 1,719 lives could have been saved by shifting transports to high readiness EDs within 30 minutes.
conclusionsApproximately half of children transported by EMS were taken to high-readiness EDs and an additional one quarter could have been transported to such an ED, with measurable effect on survival.
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