ReviewCancer discovery2022
Tumor Immune Microenvironment of Brain Metastases: Toward Unlocking Antitumor Immunity.
Review in Cancer discovery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reprogramming PD-L1 endosomal recycling and lysosomal degradation via engineered exosome-based nanocomposites overcomes immune resistance in lung cancer brain metastasis.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Neural regulation of tumor immunity: emerging opportunities to enhance cancer immunotherapy.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Future directions in the treatment of brain metastases: evaluating the role of cellular players in the tumour microenvironment.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Review
- Single cell profiling reveals malignant states and immune landscapes in PCNSL and systemic DLBCL.iScience · 2026Article
- Special Issue: The Evolving Landscape of Single-Cell Genomics in CNS and PNS Oncology.Neuro-oncology advances · 2026Review
- The evolving landscape of brain metastasis: volume II.Trends in cancer · 2026Review
- Neuro-Immune Crosstalk: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Astrocytes and Microglia Regulate Opioid Receptor-Driven Cancer Brain Metastasis and Neural Injury: Remodeling the Brain Microenvironment.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- The Five-Decade Journey of Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026Review
- Neuro-immune cross-talk in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Astrocyte involvement in brain metastasis: from biological mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- Identification of dosimetric risk factors associated to lymphopenia in brain metastases patients with radiotherapy.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy and the Tumor Microenvironment in Brain Metastases from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Challenges and Future Directions.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Predicting Survival Rates in Brain Metastases Patients from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Radiomic Signatures Associated with Tumor Immune Heterogeneity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Interaction between Estrogen Receptors and p53: A Broader Role for Tamoxifen?Endocrinology · 2025Review
- B cell immunity and therapeutic opportunities in brain metastases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- PD-L1 and VEGF dual blockade enhances anti-tumor effect on brain metastasis in hematogenous metastasis model.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2024Article
- Thrombosis, brain metastasis formation, and the perivascular metastatic niche-Novel insights from the tumor microvascular circulation.Neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Triple therapy boosts survival in NSCLC patients with brain metastases: a retrospective cohort study of chemotherapy, ICIs, and antiangiogenic agents.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Development of an optimized machine learning approach for assessing brain metastatic burden in preclinical models.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BrM) is a devastating complication of solid tumors associated with poor outcomes. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the treatment of cancer, but determinants of response are incompletely understood. Given the rising incidence of BrM, improved understanding of immunobiologic principles unique to the central nervous system (CNS) and dissection of those that govern the activity of ICIs are paramount toward unlocking BrM-specific antitumor immunity. In this review, we seek to discuss the current clinical landscape of ICI activity in the CNS and CNS immunobiology, and we focus, in particular, on the role of glial cells in the CNS immune response to BrM. SIGNIFICANCE: There is an urgent need to improve patient selection for and clinical activity of ICIs in patients with cancer with concomitant BrM. Increased understanding of the unique immunobiologic principles that govern response to ICIs in the CNS is critical toward identifying targets in the tumor microenvironment that may potentiate antitumor immunity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.