ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2022
Consideration of sex and gender in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders from a global perspective.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk, protective, and biomarkers of dementia in Indigenous peoples: A systematic review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Pooled it
- Sex differences in dementia risk and risk factors: Individual-participant data analysis using 21 cohorts across six continents from the COSMIC consortium.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Pooled it
- Alzheimer's blood-based biomarkers, incident dementia, and interactions with age, APOE status, and hormone therapy.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Trial
- Effects of a dual intervention (motor and virtual reality-based cognitive) on cognition in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a single-blind, randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Association between reproductive history, white matter integrity, and cognition in post-menopausal Latina women from the Boston Latino Aging Study.Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2026Observational
- Brain pathology in relation to somatic diseases: Exploring the body-brain crosstalk.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- A world view: Considerations of sociocultural diversity in the study of subjective cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Hormone replacement therapy and its association with LATE-NC in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Sex differences in dementia pathology and cognitive performance in a population-based, ethnically diverse Brazilian autopsy study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Article
- Association of micronutrient levels with dementia risk in adults in Telangana, India: a cross-sectional study (2023-2024).The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Dose- and state-dependent enhancement of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron excitability by GM1 ganglioside in male rats with cholinergic lesions.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Migraine and menopause as converging factors in brain vulnerability: a hypothesis-driven perspective.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular risk and hippocampal-cognitive coupling in Alzheimer's disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Gender-related facilitators and barriers to participation in research on aging using fuzzy cognitive mapping.Neurobiology of aging · 2026Article
- Demographic trends in mortality related to Alzheimer's disease and pneumonia: a two-decade (1999-2022) analysis from the CDC WONDER database.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Differences in Neurofilament Light Chain, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, and Tau Protein Levels in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Comorbid Depression.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Do all components of psychological well-being predict cognitive function?The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Two steps forward, one step back: cohort shifts in cognitive function trajectories in aging European populations.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Electronic Health Records to Test Multimorbidity Influences to Plasma Biomarker Interpretation for Alzheimer's Disease.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
27 authors at 20 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Sex or gender differences in the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) differ by world region, suggesting that there are potentially modifiable risk factors for intervention. However, few epidemiological or clinical ADRD studies examine sex differences; even fewer evaluate gender in the context of ADRD risk. The goals of this perspective are to: (1) provide definitions of gender, biologic sex, and sexual orientation. and the limitations of examining these as binary variables; (2) provide an overview of what is known with regard to sex and gender differences in the risk, prevention, and diagnosis of ADRD; and (3) discuss these sex and gender differences from a global, worldwide perspective. Identifying drivers of sex and gender differences in ADRD throughout the world is a first step in developing interventions unique to each geographical and sociocultural area to reduce these inequities and to ultimately reduce global ADRD risk. HIGHLIGHTS: The burden of dementia is unevenly distributed geographically and by sex and gender. Scientific advances in genetics and biomarkers challenge beliefs that sex is binary. Discrimination against women and sex and gender minority (SGM) populations contributes to cognitive decline. Sociocultural factors lead to gender inequities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) worldwide.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.