ArticlePhytotherapy research : PTR2022
Non-psychotropic Cannabis sativa L. phytocomplex modulates microglial inflammatory response through CB2 receptors-, endocannabinoids-, and NF-κB-mediated signaling.
Article in Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of phytocannabinoids, synthetic and semi-synthetic cannabinoids on microglia and astrocytes: Review of neuroinflammatory mechanisms.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2026Review
- Cannabidiol and other non-psychotropic cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa as therapeutics for microglial-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Review
- Endocannabinoid System-Related Inflammation and Progression of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Mitigating psychological stress-induced cardiac injury: The impact of CB2R agonists on endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitophagy.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Higher plasma levels of endocannabinoids and analogues are correlated with a worse cardiometabolic profile in middle-aged adults.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2025Article
- Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Neuroinflammation Intervention with Medicinal Plants: A Critical and Narrative Review of the Current Literature.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Repolarization of inflammatory macrophages into reparative stage targeting cannabinoid receptor2: a potential perspective to dampen lung injury/ARDS.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- A predictive machine learning model for cannabinoid effect based on image detection of reactive oxygen species in microglia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Exploring Cannabidiol (CBD) and Cannabigerol (CBG) Safety Profile and Skincare Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- CB1 Receptor Activation Provides Neuroprotection in an Animal Model of Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity Through a Reduction of NOX-2 Activity and Oxidative Stress.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Exploring the Frontiers of Neuroinflammation: New Horizons in Research and Treatment.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Investigation of Cannabidiol in the Mouse Drug Discrimination Paradigm.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2024Article
- The NLRP3 inflammasome: a vital player in inflammation and mediating the anti-inflammatory effect of CBD.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024Review
- Investigation on the Efficacy of Two Food Supplements Containing a Fixed Combination of Selected Probiotics and β-Glucans or Elderberry Extract for the Immune System: Modulation on Cytokines Expression in Human THP-1 and PBMC.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Resources for Human Health from the Plant Kingdom: The Potential Role of the Flavonoid Apigenin in Cancer Counteraction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Identification of Anti-Neuroinflammatory Bioactive Compounds in Essential Oils and Aqueous Distillation Residues Obtained from Commercial Varieties ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Novel Combination of Choline withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cannabidiol Isolated from Novel Hemp (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Honokiol-RichAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. is increasingly emerging for its protective role in modulating neuroinflammation, a complex process orchestrated among others by microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system. Phytocannabinoids, especially cannabidiol (CBD), terpenes, and other constituents trigger several upstream and downstream microglial intracellular pathways. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of a CBD- and terpenes-enriched C. sativa extract (CSE) in an in vitro model of neuroinflammation. We evaluated the effect of CSE on the inflammatory response induced by exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in BV-2 microglial cells, compared with CBD and β-caryophyllene (CAR), CB2 receptors (CB2r) inverse and full agonist, respectively. The LPS-induced upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was significantly attenuated by CSE and only partially by CBD, whereas CAR was ineffective. In BV-2 cells, these anti-inflammatory effects exerted by CSE phytocomplex were only partially dependent on CB2r modulation and they were mediated by the regulation of enzymes responsible for the endocannabinoids metabolism, by the inhibition of reactive oxygen species release and the modulation of JNK/p38 cascade with consequent NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation suppression. Our data suggest that C. sativa phytocomplex and its multitarget mechanism could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammatory-related diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.