ArticleScientific reports2022
Pneumococcal carriage in unvaccinated children at the time of vaccine implementation into the national immunization program in Poland.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Genetic Diversity of Non-TypeableHealth science reports · 2026Review
- Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonising Cypriot children during a period of high PCV10 and PCV13 vaccine coverage: serotypes and antimicrobial resistance.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Digital PCR linkage analysis resolvesMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Storage stability of non-encapsulated pneumococci in saliva is dependent on null-capsule clade, with strains carryingMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- Temporal changes in pneumococcal carriage among childcare-attending children during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Greater New Haven Area, USA.Research square · 2025Article
- Temporal changes in pneumococcal carriage among childcare-attending children during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Greater New Haven Area, USA.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Clinical Presentation and Co-Detection of Respiratory Pathogens in Children Under 5 Years with Non-COVID-19 Bacterial and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections: A Prospective Study in Białystok, Poland (2021-2022).Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023Article
- The potential of saliva as an accessible and sensitive sample type for the detection of respiratory pathogens and host immunity.The Lancet. Microbe · 2023Review
- Saliva as an alternative sample type for detection of pneumococcal carriage in young children.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2023Article
- The Molecular Epidemiology of Pneumococcal Strains Isolated from the Nasopharynx of Preschool Children 3 Years after the Introduction of the PCV Vaccination Program in Poland.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- A spitting image: molecular diagnostics applied to saliva enhance detection ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We investigated pneumococcal carriage among unvaccinated children under five years of age at a time when the conjugate polysaccharide vaccine (PCV) was introduced in Poland into the national immunization program (NIP). Paired nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and saliva samples collected between 2016 and 2020 from n = 394 children were tested with conventional culture and using qPCR. The carriage rate detected by culture was 25.4% (97 of 394), by qPCR 39.1% (155 of 394), and 40.1% (158 of 394) overall. The risk of carriage was significantly elevated among day care center attendees, and during autumn/winter months. Among isolates cultured, the most common serotypes were: 23A, 6B, 15BC, 10A, 11A. The coverage of PCV10 and PCV13 was 23.2% (23 of 99) and 26.3% (26 of 99), respectively. Application of qPCR lead to detection of 168 serotype carriage events, with serogroups 15, 6, 9 and serotype 23A most commonly detected. Although the highest number of carriers was identified by testing NPS with qPCR, saliva significantly contributed to the overall number of detected carriers. Co-carriage of multiple serotypes was detected in 25.3% (40 of 158) of carriers. The results of this study represent a baseline for the future surveillance of effects of pneumococcal vaccines in NIP in Poland.
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