ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2022
Effects of Vitamin D and Body Mass Index on Disease Risk and Relapse Hazard in Multiple Sclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study.
Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D status, supplementation, and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Vitamin D and human health: evidence from Mendelian randomization studies.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- Association of Vitamin D Polygenic Risk Scores and Disease Outcome in People With Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023Pooled it
- Genetically predicted vitamin D levels and risk of head and neck cancer: a mendelian randomization study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Observational and genetic evidence highlight the association of modifiable risk factors with the incidence and severity of neuroimmunological disorders.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Health Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation: Lessons Learned From Randomized Controlled Trials and Mendelian Randomization Studies.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2023Review
- Article
- Multiple Sclerosis-Related Dietary and Nutritional Issues: An Updated Scoping Review with a Focus on Pediatrics.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The causal role of intestinal microbiome in development of pre-eclampsia.Functional & integrative genomics · 2023Article
- Causal association of genetically determined circulating vitamin D metabolites and calcium with multiple sclerosis in participants of European descent.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Factors associated with depressive mood at the onset of multiple sclerosis - an analysis of 781 patients of the German NationMS cohort.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2023Article
- Vitamin D in Neurological Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- A causal relationship between leukocyte telomere length and multiple sclerosis: A Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesDecreased vitamin D levels and obesity are associated with an increased risk for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, whether they also affect the disease course after onset remains unclear. With larger data sets now available, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to determine whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and body mass index (BMI) are causally associated with MS risk and, moving beyond susceptibility toward heterogeneity, with relapse hazard.
methodsWe used genetic variants from 4 distinct genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for serum 25OHD in up to 416,247 individuals and for BMI from a GWAS in 681,275 individuals. Applying 2-sample MR, we examined associations of 25OHD and BMI with the risk of MS, with summary statistics from the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium GWAS in 14,802 MS cases and 26,703 controls. In addition, we examined associations with relapse hazard, with data from our GWAS in 506 MS cases.
resultsA 1-SD increase in genetically predicted natural-log transformed 25OHD levels decreased odds of MS up to 28% (95% CI: 12%-40%, DISCUSSION: This study supports causal effects of genetically predicted serum 25OHD concentrations and BMI on risk of MS. In contrast, serum 25OHD but not BMI is significantly associated with relapse hazard after onset. These findings might offer clinical implications for both prevention and treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.