Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35392981›Full record

ArticleJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2022

Foot Function Index for Arabic-speaking patients (FFI-Ar): translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation study.

Shershah Khan, Suzanne Faulkner, Fahad S Algarni, Abdulaziz Almalki, Ahmed Almansour, Abdulrahman M Altowaijri

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 30% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Shershah KhanMedical Rehabilitation Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia. skhan1@ksu.edu.sa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9815-1541
Suzanne FaulknerNational Centre for Prosthetics and Orthotics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
Fahad S AlgarniDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4283-1641
Abdulaziz AlmalkiMedical Rehabilitation Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5898-5082
Ahmed AlmansourDepartment of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7395-6623
Abdulrahman M AltowaijriMedical Rehabilitation Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1998-1334
King Saud Medical City · SAKing Saud University · SAMajmaah University · SAUniversity of Strathclyde · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFoot Function Index (FFI) is a valid and reliable outcome measure, which is widely used to measure the foot and ankle functional level and disorders. Until now, no validated Arabic version of the FFI is available. This study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The purpose of this project was to translate and adapt the FFI into Arabic and to evaluate its psychometric properties of validity and reliability.

methodsThe study consisted of two phases. The first phase was the translation and cultural adaptation of the FFI to Arabic. The next phase involved, testing the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the FFI on a sample of 50 consecutive participants which included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, floor and ceiling effects and construct validity.

resultsThe mean age of the study participants was 38 ± 12.94 years. Both the genders were evenly enrolled with 50% of the participants as male and 50% as female. Majority of them complained of plantar fasciopathy (32%) followed by pes planus (22%) and ankle sprain (18%). The scores of FFI-Ar were normally distributed, confirmed by a significant Shapiro-Wilk test. The mean value of FFI-Ar total score was 47.73 ± 19.85. There were no floor or ceiling effects seen in any of the subscales and total score. The internal consistency was good with the Cronbach's alpha value of 0.882, 0.936 and 0.850 for the pain, disability and activity limitation subscales, respectively. The reproducibility of the FFI-Ar was analysed by intra-class correlation coefficient which revealed good to excellent test-retest reliability. A significant correlation was found between FFI-Ar and SF-36 and numeric rating scale (NRS) confirming its construct validity.

conclusionThe FFI-Arabic version showed good validity and reliability in patients with foot and ankle problems. This tool can be used in usual practice and research for analysing foot and ankle disorders in Arabic-speaking people.

Indexed as

Cross-Cultural ComparisonTranslationsAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesTranslatingFFIFoot Function IndexOutcome assessmentTranslation and validation

Identifiers

PMID35392981
PMCPMC8991848
OpenAlexW4223448529

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.