ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Europe2022
The burden of mental disorders, substance use disorders and self-harm among young people in Europe, 1990-2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
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Article in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 195 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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195citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
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Who cites it
195 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 311 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Substance Use Among Adolescents in South Africa.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Pooled it
- Early interventions for first onset of symptoms of mental health conditions: an umbrella review of systematic reviews.BMC medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The association between maternal diabetes and the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions for suicidal and self-injurious related behaviors in adolescents with psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Associations between humiliation, shame, self-harm and suicidality among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Substance use among young people in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Risk Factors Associated with Severity and Death from COVID-19 in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study.Journal of intensive care medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Benefits and challenges of a personal budget for people with mental health conditions or intellectual disability: A systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of a Whole-School Prevention Program Targeting Mental Health and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Swedish Adolescents: A Cluster-Randomized Experimental Study with Longitudinal Follow-Up.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2026Trial
- Modifying implementation strategies for integration of screening and management of mental disorders, including substance use disorders into other NCD care in Faridabad, Haryana as part of ICMR-MINDS project.Frontiers in public health · 2026Trial
- Major depressive disorder in children and adolescents is associated with reduced hair cortisol and anandamide (AEA): cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from a large randomized clinical trial.Translational psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Simultaneous versus Sequential Cessation of Tobacco and Cannabis: Preferences of Young Adults Who Co-Use in France.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Self-Harm and Projections to 2030: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Substance use disorders among refugee and non-refugee immigrants in Sweden.European journal of public health · 2026Article
- Occurrence and trajectories of psychiatric disorders in adults with gambling disorder: a longitudinal register-based study of the Finnish population.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Social Disparity and Treatment-Seeking in Eating Disorders During Childhood and Adolescence: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Genetically informed dissection of multimodal brain aging and ten major psychiatric disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Brain network-based stratification of mental health disorders: design and cohort description of the STRATIFY and ESTRA studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
135 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
114 authors at 20 institutions in 28 countries.
Giulio CastelpietraOutpatient and Inpatient Care Service, Central Health Directorate, Region Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy.
Ann Kristin Skrindo KnudsenCentre for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.
Emilie E AgardhDepartment of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Benedetta ArmocidaDepartment of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
Massimiliano BeghiDepartment of Mental Health, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy.
Kim Moesgaard IburgDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Giancarlo LogroscinoDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
Rui MaInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Fabrizio StaraceDepartment of Mental Health & Drug Abuse, AUSL Modena, Modena, Italy.
Nicholas SteelDepartment of Primary Care and Public Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Giovanni AddoloratoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Catalina Liliana AndreiCardiology Department Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
Tudorel AndreiDepartment of Statistics and Econometrics Bucharest Carol Davila University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania.
Jose L Ayuso-MateosCIBERSAM, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Maciej BanachDepartment of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Till Winfried BärnighausenHeidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Francesco Barone-AdesiDepartment of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
Akshaya Srikanth BhagavathulaDepartment of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralova, Czech Republic.
Felix CarvalhoResearch Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Márcia CarvalhoResearch Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Joht Singh ChandanInstitute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Vijay Kumar ChattuFaculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
Rosa A S CoutoDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Natália Cruz-MartinsDepartment of Medicine (Prof N Cruz-Martins PhD), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Paul I DarganFaculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Keshab DeubaNational Centre for AIDS and STD Control, Save the Children, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Diana Dias da SilvaLaboratory of Toxicology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Adeniyi Francis FagbamigbeEpidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Eduarda FernandesAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Pietro FerraraResearch Center on Public Health, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Florian FischerInstitute of Public Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité Medical University Berlin), Berlin, Germany.
Peter Andras GaalHealth Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Alessandro GialluisiDepartment of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.
Juanita A HaagsmaDepartment of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Josep Maria HaroResearch Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
M Tasdik HasanDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.
Syed Shahzad HasanDepartment of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Sorin HostiucDepartment of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
Licia IacovielloDepartment of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.
Ivo IavicoliDepartment of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Elham JamshidiFunctional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehram, Iran.
Jost B JonasInstitute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Tamas JooHealth Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Jacek Jerzy JozwiakDepartment of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland.
Srinivasa Vittal KatikireddiMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Joonas H KauppilaDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Moien A B KhanFamily Medicine Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
Adnan KisaSchool of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway.
Sezer KisaDepartment of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
Mika KivimäkiDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, UK.
Kamrun Nahar KolyHealth System and Population Studies Divisions, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Ai KoyanagiBiomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
Manasi KumarDivision of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
Tea LallukkaDepartment of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Berthold LangguthDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Caterina LeddaClinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Paul H LeeDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Ilaria LegaNational Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Italian National Insitute of Health, Rome, Italy.
Christine LinehanUCD Centre for Disability Studies, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Joana A LoureiroLaboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE) University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Áurea M Madureira-CarvalhoAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Jose Martinez-RagaPsychiatry Department, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
Manu Raj MathurHealth Policy Research Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India.
John J McGrathQueensland Brain Institute, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Enkeleint A MechiliDepartment of Healthcare, University of Vlora, Vlora city, Albania.
Alexios-Fotios A MentisUniversity Research Institute, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Tomislav MestrovicClinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Dr. Zora Profozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia.
Bartosz MiazgowskiCenter for Innovation in Medical Education, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
Andreea MiricaDepartment of Statistics and Econometrics Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania.
Antonio MirijelloDepartment of Medical Sciences IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza General Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
Babak MoazenHeidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Shafiu MohammedHealth Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Francesk MulitaDepartment of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece.
Gabriele NagelInstitute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
Ionut NegoiDepartment of General Surgery Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
Ruxandra Irina NegoiDepartment of Anatomy and Embryology Romania, Bucharest, Romania.
Vincent Ebuka NwatahDepartment of Pediatrics, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria.
Alicia Padron-MonederoNational School of Public Health Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Songhomitra Panda-JonasPrivatpraxis, Heidelberg, Germany.
Shahina PardhanVision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
Maja PasovicInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Jay PatelGlobal Health Governance Programme, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Ionela-Roxana PetcuDepartment of Statistics and Econometrics Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania.
Marina PinheiroDepartment of Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Richard Charles G PollokInstitute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK.
Maarten J PostmaUniversity Medical Center Groningen, School of Economics and Business University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
David Laith RawafWHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training Imperial College London, London, UK.
Salman RawafDepartment of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Esperanza Romero-RodríguezClinical and Epidemiological Research in Primary Care (GICEAP), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.
Luca RonfaniClinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy.
Dominic SagoeDepartment of Psychosocial Science University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Francesco SanmarchiDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Michael P SchaubSwiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Nigussie Tadesse SharewInterdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE) University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Rahman ShiriFinnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
Farhad ShokranehLondon Institute for Healthcare Engineering, King's College London, London, UK.
Inga Dora SigfusdottirDepartment of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.
João Pedro SilvaResearch Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Renata SilvaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Bogdan SoceaSurgery, "Sf. Pantelimon" Emergency Clinical Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
Miklós SzócskaFaculty of Health and Public Administration, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Rafael Tabarés-SeisdedosDepartment of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Marco TorradoPsychiatry and Medical Psychology Department, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Marcos Roberto Tovani-PaloneDepartment of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Tommi Juhani VasankariUKK Institute, Tampere, Finland.
Massimiliano VerouxDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Russell M VinerUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Andrea WerdeckerDemographic Change and Aging Research Area, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany.
Andrea Sylvia WinklerInstitute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Simon I HayInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Alize J FerrariInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Mohsen NaghaviInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Peter AllebeckDepartment of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lorenzo MonastaClinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy.
Universidade do Porto · PTAzienda Unita' Sanitaria Locale Di Modena · ITBucharest University of Economic Studies · ROCarol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy · ROPublic Health England · GBUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore · ITUniversity of East Anglia · GBKarolinska Institutet · SEAarhus University · DKInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation · USInstituto de Salud Carlos III · ESIstituto Neurologico Mediterraneo · ITSemmelweis University · HUUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” · ITUniversity College London · GBUniversity of Catania · ITUniversity of Liverpool · GBAzienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Della Romagna · ITCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental · ESCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin · DE
Funding
Chief Scientist Office SCAF/15/02Medical Research Council MC_UU_00022/2Medical Research Council MR/R024227/1Medical Research Council MR/S011676/1
Abstract
Background: Mental health is a public health issue for European young people, with great heterogeneity in resource allocation. Representative population-based studies are needed. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 provides internationally comparable information on trends in the health status of populations and changes in the leading causes of disease burden over time. Methods: Prevalence, incidence, Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) from mental disorders (MDs), substance use disorders (SUDs) and self-harm were estimated for young people aged 10-24 years in 31 European countries. Rates per 100,000 population, percentage changes in 1990-2019, 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UIs), and correlations with Sociodemographic Index (SDI), were estimated. Findings: In 2019, rates per 100,000 population were 16,983 (95% UI 12,823 - 21,630) for MDs, 3,891 (3,020 - 4,905) for SUDs, and 89·1 (63·8 - 123·1) for self-harm. In terms of disability, anxiety contributed to 647·3 (432-912·3) YLDs, while in terms of premature death, self-harm contributed to 319·6 (248·9-412·8) YLLs, per 100,000 population. Over the 30 years studied, YLDs increased in eating disorders (14·9%;9·4-20·1) and drug use disorders (16·9%;8·9-26·3), and decreased in idiopathic developmental intellectual disability (-29·1%;23·8-38·5). YLLs decreased in self-harm (-27·9%;38·3-18·7). Variations were found by sex, age-group and country. The burden of SUDs and self-harm was higher in countries with lower SDI, MDs were associated with SUDs. Interpretation: Mental health conditions represent an important burden among young people living in Europe. National policies should strengthen mental health, with a specific focus on young people. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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EuropeMental disordersMental healthSelf-harmSubstance useYoung people
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