SynthesisFrontiers in physiology2022
Effects of Arm-Crank Exercise on Fitness and Health in Adults With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in physiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise and aerobic capacity in individuals with spinal cord injury: A systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.PLoS medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of upper-body ergometer rowing exercise on aerobic fitness and cardiometabolic disease risk in individuals with spinal cord injury: A 6-month follow-up study.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2024Trial
- Effects of exercise on autonomic cardiovascular control in individuals with chronic, motor-complete spinal cord injury: an exploratory randomised clinical trial.Spinal cord · 2024Trial
- Physiological evaluation of the Calgary adapted aRm ergometer (CARE) concussion exertion test in adolescent athletes: A repeated-measures observational study.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Evaluation and management of autonomic functions in patients with spinal cord injury: A scoping review.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2026Article
- CARE-ing for concussions: Development of the Calgary Adapted aRm Ergometer (CARE) exertion test: A physiological alternative to the Calgary Concussion Cycle Test.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Co-development and implementation of a group-based arm-crank exercise programme in the community for individuals with neurological impairments.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Participant perspectives on a multimodal program for neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The effect of different work rate increasing rates on cardiopulmonary exercise testing in arm ergometer.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- The feasibility and effect of a peer-facilitated, remote handcycling sport program for aging adults with spinal cord injury or disease: a mixed methods case series.Spinal cord series and cases · 2025Article
- Development of an activity-based therapy tracking tool: Item generation and reduction using the Delphi method.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- Enduring benefits of exercise after spinal cord injury: Insights from a case study.African journal of disability · 2025Article
- Community-Based Exercise Programs Post Spinal Cord Injury Hospitalization: A Pilot Study for a Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind Controlled Setting.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Physiological and perceptual responses to acute arm cranking with blood flow restriction.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Article
- Home-based arm cycling exercise improves trunk control in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury: an observational study.Scientific reports · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) may benefit less from exercise training due to consequences of their injury, leading to lower cardiorespiratory fitness and higher risks of developing cardiovascular diseases. Arm-crank exercise (ACE) is the most common form of volitional aerobic exercise used by people with SCI outside a hospital. However, evidence regarding the specific effects of ACE alone on fitness and health in adults with SCI is currently lacking. Hence, this review aimed to determine the effects of ACE on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, motor function, health-related quality of life (QoL), and adverse events in adults with chronic SCI. Inclusion criteria were: inactive adults (≥18 years) with chronic SCI (>12 months post injury); used ACE alone as an intervention; measured at least one of the following outcomes; cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, cardiovascular disease risk factors, motor function, health-related QoL, and adverse events. Evidence was synthesized and appraised using GRADE. Eighteen studies with a combined total of 235 participants having an injury between C4 to L3 were included. There was a moderate certainty of the body of evidence on ACE improving cardiorespiratory fitness. Exercise prescriptions from the included studies were 30-40 min of light to vigorous-intensity exercise, 3-5 times per week for 2-16 weeks. GRADE confidence ratings were very low for ACE improving body composition, CVD risks factors, motor function, or health-related QoL. No evidence suggests ACE increases the risk of developing shoulder pain or other injuries. Overall, this review recommends adults with chronic SCI should engage in regular ACE to improve cardiorespiratory fitness. More high-quality, larger-scale studies are needed to increase the level of evidence of ACE in improving cardiorespiratory fitness and to determine the effects of ACE on other outcomes.
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