ArticleToxicology reports2022
Health risk estimations and geospatial mapping of trace metals in soil samples around automobile mechanic workshops in Benin city, Nigeria.
Article in Toxicology reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Occurrence, source identification, and human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in freshwater sources used for aquaculture in the Senegal, Gambia, and Casamance river basins.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
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- Bioaccumulation and Transfer of Potentially Toxic Elements in the Yam-Soil System and Associated Health Risks in Kampala's Luzira Industrial Area.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- Ecological and Human Health Risks from Potentially Toxic Elements in Environmental Matrices of Kiteezi Landfill, Uganda.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- Exposure and Health Risks Posed by Potentially Toxic Elements in Soils of Metal Fabrication Workshops in Mbarara City, Uganda.Journal of xenobiotics · 2024Article
- Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soil and air particulate matter of automobile hub environments in Kumasi, Ghana.Toxicology reports · 2023Article
- Receptor model-based sources and risks appraisal of potentially toxic elements in the urban soils of Bangladesh.Toxicology reports · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the distribution of trace metals in soil samples from selected automobile mechanic workshops (AMWs) in Benin City, spatially map the concentrations and estimate the health risk indices for the exposed populace. Topsoil samples were collected from twenty-one (21) AMWs in Benin City in 3 composites for three months at each station. Soil samples were analyzed for heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Zn) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The non-carcinogenic risks caused by exposure to the metals were insignificant, characterized by in mean values of hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) below one (1) in adults and children. Carcinogenic risk (CR) occurred only in the children exposed to nickel through ingestion; attributable to ingestion. In adults and children, the risks associated with the uptake routes were in the order of ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. The hazard index (HI) values of heavy metals for children and adults decreased in the order of Pb > Cr > Cd > Cu > Zn > Ni and were all lower than one (1), which indicated that the children and adults were not at non-carcinogenic risk. The contamination factors (CF) of all metals analyzed were lower than one (1), suggesting low contamination. The average CF decreased in the order of Pb (0.3715) > Zn (0.14) > Cu (0.087) > Cr (0.013) > Ni (0.01) > Fe (0.0007). Potential ecological risks of the trace metals in soils of these workshops revealed low pollution of the soils by the metals. Results indicated that the three routes of uptake in adults and children decreased in the order of ingestion > dermal > inhalation. The non-carcinogenic risks posed by metals to the children and adults were insignificant. Ingested nickel however posed potential carcinogenic risk to only the children. The toxicodynamics of heavy metals in the soil profile demonstrated in this study could be a vital information for future studies and decisions on the management of the health and environment of the study area.
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