ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
The S1 Subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Activates Human Monocytes to Produce Cytokines Linked to COVID-19: Relevance to Galectin-3.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel inflammatory biomarkers in the prognosis of COVID-19.Therapeutic advances in respiratory diseasePooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit Induces Neuroinflammation Via Microglial Kv1.3 Channel.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expression drives post-acute coagulopathy.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Benzydamine Attenuates Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression Through Inhibition of ERK MAPK in Activated Human Monocytic Cells Under Hyperglycemic Condition.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- The recombinant spike S1 protein induces injury and inflammation in co-cultures of human alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages.PloS one · 2025Article
- The silent predictors: exploring galectin-3 and Irisin's tale in severe COVID-19.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Humoral Immunity across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike after Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) Vaccination.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- SARS-CoV-2 S protein activates NLRP3 inflammasome and deregulates coagulation factors in endothelial and immune cells.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- The Y498T499-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein interacts poorly with rat ACE2 and does not affect the rat lung.Access microbiology · 2024Article
- Review
- SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein causes brain inflammation by reducing intracerebral acetylcholine production.iScience · 2023Article
- Targeting Spike Glycoprotein S1 Mediated by NLRP3 Inflammasome Machinery and the Cytokine Releases in A549 Lung Epithelial Cells by Nanocurcumin.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effects of Different Types of Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein on Circulating Monocytes' Structure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Blood pH Analysis in Combination with Molecular Medical Tools in Relation to COVID-19 Symptoms.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Proinflammatory Responses in SARS-CoV-2 and Soluble Spike Glycoprotein S1 Subunit Activated Human Macrophages.Viruses · 2023Article
- Seasonal effects decouple SARS-CoV-2 haplotypes worldwide.F1000Research · 2023Article
- Basophils beyond allergic and parasitic diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Hesperetin from Root Extract ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), rapidly evolved into a pandemic -the likes of which has not been experienced in 100 years. While novel vaccines show great efficacy, and therapeutics continue to be developed, the persistence of disease, with the concomitant threat of emergent variants, continues to impose massive health and socioeconomic issues worldwide. Studies show that in susceptible individuals, SARS-CoV-2 infection can rapidly progress toward lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with evidence for an underlying dysregulated innate immune response or cytokine release syndrome (CRS). The mechanisms responsible for this CRS remain poorly understood, yet hyper-inflammatory features were also evident with predecessor viruses within the β-coronaviridae family, namely SARS-CoV-1 and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV. It is further known that the spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 (as first reported for other β-coronaviruses) possesses a so-called
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.