Trial reportFrontiers in immunology2022
Efficacy and Safety of BCG Revaccination With
Trial report in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of interventions to improve vaccine efficacy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination policies in reducing infection and mortality of COVID-19: a systematic review.Global health research and policy · 2022Pooled it
- Optimising COVID-19 episode identification using serology and PCR/rapid antigen testing: insights from the BRACE trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Safety of BCG vaccination and revaccination in healthcare workers.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Trial
- The effect of BCG vaccination on infection and antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2-The results of ProBCG: a multicenter randomized clinical trial in Brazil.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Trial
- Randomized Trial of BCG Vaccine to Protect against Covid-19 in Health Care Workers.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Trial
- Review
- Unleashing the power of the BCG vaccine in modulating viral immunity through heterologous protection: A scoping review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Beyond Tuberculosis: The Surprising Immunological Benefits of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine in Infectious, Auto-Immune, and Inflammatory Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Infection-induced trained immunity: a twist in paradigm of innate host defense and generation of immunological memory.Infection and immunity · 2025Review
- Editorial: Safety and Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines on COVID-19 Infection and Its Long-Term Consequences.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Efficacy and outcomes of BCG re-vaccination in COVID-19: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Review
- Late in the US pandemic, multi-dose BCG vaccines protect against COVID-19 and infectious diseases.iScience · 2024Article
- Risk Factors for COVID-19 and Respiratory Tract Infections during the Coronavirus Pandemic.Vaccines · 2024Article
- The Influence of Cross-Reactive T Cells in COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Using BCG vaccination to protect against COVID-19: when reality fails to meet expectation.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Article
- Diverse interactions ofFrontiers in tuberculosis · 2024Review
- Bacterial-induced or passively administered interferon gamma conditions the lung for early control of SARS-CoV-2.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Interpreting the Results of Trials of BCG Vaccination for Protection Against COVID-19.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which is widely used to protect children against tuberculosis, can also improve immune response against viral infections. This unicentric, randomized-controlled clinical trial assessed the efficacy and safety of revaccination with BCG Moscow in reducing the positivity and symptoms of COVID-19 in health care workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. HCWs who had negative COVID-19 IgM and IgG and who dedicated at least eight hours per week in facilities that attended to individuals suspected of having COVID-19 were included in the study and were followed for 7, 15, 30, 60, and 180 days by telemedicine. The HCWs were randomly allocated to a revaccinated with BCG group, which received the BCG vaccine, or an unvaccinated group. Revaccination with BCG Moscow was found to be safe, and its efficacy ranged from 30.0% (95.0%CI -78.0 to 72.0%) to 31.0% (95.0%CI -74.0 to 74.0%).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.