ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2022
Emergence of Resistant
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Advances in Concentration Gradient Generation Approaches in a Microfluidic Device for Toxicity Analysis.Cells · 2022Pooled it
- Gradient metapopulation microfluidic ecologies shape genetic and biofilm drivers of T4r phage resistance in E. coli.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- A nutrient bottleneck controls antibiotic efficacy in structured bacterial populations.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Linking spatial drug heterogeneity to microbial growth dynamics in theory and experiment.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Microfluidics to Meet Antibiotic Resistance: A Growing Research Frontier.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Deciphering and steering population-level response under spatial drug heterogeneity on microhabitat structures.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Linking spatial drug heterogeneity to microbial growth dynamics in theory and experiment.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- In Vitro Resistance-Predicting Studies and In Vitro Resistance-Related Parameters-A Hit-to-Lead Perspective.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Microfluidic Ecology Unravels the Genetic and Ecological Drivers of T4r Bacteriophage Resistance in E. coli: Insights into Biofilm-Mediated Evolution.Research square · 2024Article
- Microfluidics for adaptation of microorganisms to stress: design and application.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spatiotemporal structures and heterogeneities are common in natural habitats, yet their role in the evolution of antibiotic resistance is still to be uncovered. We applied a microfluidic gradient generator device to study the emergence of resistant bacteria in spatial ciprofloxacin gradients. We observed biofilm formation in regions with sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics, which quickly expanded into the high antibiotic regions. In the absence of an explicit structure of the habitat, this multicellular formation led to a spatial structure of the population with local competition and limited migration. Therefore, such structures can function as amplifiers of selection and aid the spread of beneficial mutations. We found that the physical environment itself induces stress-related mutations that later prove beneficial when cells are exposed to antibiotics. This shift in function suggests that exaptation occurs in such experimental scenarios. The above two processes pave the way for the subsequent emergence of highly resistant specific mutations.
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Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.