ArticleJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2022
Therapeutic drug monitoring of atomoxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a naturalistic study.
Article in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Therapeutic Reference Ranges for ADHD Drugs in Blood of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review by the AGNP TDM-Task Force.Pharmacopsychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Neuroinflammation and noradrenergic modulation with β2-adrenoceptors: Emerging therapeutic targets for Parkinson's diseases.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Individualized atomoxetine response and tolerability in children with ADHD receiving different dosage regimens: the need for CYP2D6 genotyping and therapeutic drug monitoring to dance together.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Precision pharmacotherapy of atomoxetine in children with ADHD: how to ensure the right dose for the right person?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Quantification of ADHD medication in biological fluids of pregnant and breastfeeding women with liquid chromatography: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Personalizing atomoxetine dosing in children with ADHD: what can we learn from current supporting evidence.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Review
- [A precision medication study of atomoxetine in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder:Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine is potentially among the first-line pharmacotherapy options for ADHD. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) with the quantification and interpretation of atomoxetine serum concentrations is used to determine an individual dose followed by an optimal effectiveness and minimal side effects. The aim of this retrospective pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis was to derive age-appropriate recommendations for the implementation of TDM to improve the efficacy and tolerability of atomoxetine in children and adolescents. Using the analytical method of high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection, 94 serum concentrations of 74 patients between 6 and 21 years of age were determined. Therapeutic effectiveness and side effects were evaluated according to the categories "low", "moderate", and "significant". As part of TDM, a time interval with maximum concentrations of 1-3 h after the administration of atomoxetine was determined for blood sampling. In this time interval, a significant correlation between the weight-normalized dose and the serum concentrations was found. The efficacy as well as the tolerability proved to be mainly moderate or significant. A preliminary therapeutic reference range was between 100 and 400 ng/ml. Naturalistic studies have limitations. Therefore, and due to a limited study population, the results have to be regarded as preliminary observations that must be confirmed in further studies. The preliminary therapeutic reference range for children and adolescents proved to be narrower than the reference range for adult patients. However, due to good efficacy and tolerability an exact reference range remained difficult to determine.
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