ArticleCurrent research in translational medicine2022
Age and vitamin D affect the magnitude of the antibody response to the first dose of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine.
Article in Current research in translational medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of calcifediol supplementation as add-on therapy on the immune repertoire in recipients of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine: A prospective open-label, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.The Journal of infection · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Risk Factors and Vaccination Dose Associated with COVID-19 Mortality: A Population-Based Study in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of chronic cholecalciferol supplementation and vitamin D status on risk of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection.Endocrine · 2026Observational
- Vitamin D in Gut and Systemic Immune Tolerance and in Infections' Risk: An International Evidence-Based Consensus Statement.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Vitamin D Level and Antibody Response to the BBIBP-CorV Vaccine in Pregnant Women.Journal of tropical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- A scoping review: the impact of nutritional status on the efficacy, effectiveness, and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2025Review
- Impact of vitamin D levels on mortality in older covid-19 vaccinated patients.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Vitamin D: A Nutraceutical Supplement at the Crossroad Between Respiratory Infections and COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Vitamin D as an Adjuvant Immune Enhancer to SARS-Cov-2 Vaccine.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Improving Vaccine Response through Probiotics and Micronutrient Supplementation: Evaluating the Role of TLR5 in Adult Female BALB/c Mice.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Article
- Calcifediol boosts efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine by upregulating genes promoting memory T cell responses.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Lack of vitamin D predicts impaired long-term immune response to COVID-19 vaccination.Endocrine · 2023Article
- Interactive effect of booster vaccination and vitamin D status on antibody production of Omicron variant-infected adults: A real-world cohort study.The clinical respiratory journal · 2023Article
- Exploring the Effects of Vitamin D and Vitamin A Levels on the Response to COVID-19 Vaccine.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Article
- Hospital Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 Pneumonia: The Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Vitamin D Status.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Highlights from the 24th workshop on vitamin D in Austin, September 2022.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMost approved vaccines utilise a two-dose strategy. To enable larger groups of patients to receive the first dose, the UK government increased the gap between the two doses from three to twelve weeks. Here we report on the immunogenicity of the first dose, including effect of age and vitamin D status on these levels over an 8 week-period.
methodsBlood samples were collected from healthcare workers (HCW) receiving their first BNT162b2 vaccine dose between January and February 2021. Antibody (Ab) production was measured, prior to and weekly for 4 weeks post immunization, and a final measurement was performed at 8 weeks. Serum vitamin D concentrations were also measured at baseline.
findingsImmunization of 97 HCW induced an Ab response that peaked 3•2 weeks post immunization to decrease thereafter. Ab levels remained positive at 8 weeks. IgG peak concentration was negatively associated with age (β=-0•440, p<0.001). Response to immunization was also significantly affected by vitamin D status (p=0•022), on average 29•3% greater peak value in individuals with 25(OH)D>50nmol/L. No other variable showed significant effect.
interpretationThe first dose of BNT162b2 produced Ab levels that remained positive after 8 weeks. Peak was greater in younger subjects and 25(OH)D>50nmol/L was beneficial. Booster campaigns should take into consideration vitamin D status which is at its highest following a period of sunshine exposure or following oral supplementation (400-1000IU daily).
fundingAbbott Diagnostics Ltd supplied the kits used to quantify the anti-SARS -CoV-2 Spike IgG and technical support as well as provided financial support for sample collections.
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