ArticleJCI insight2022
SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses in boosted vaccine recipients with breakthrough infections during the Omicron variant surge.
Article in JCI insight, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-Cov-2 Omicron variant: a systemic review.International journal of biological sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Robust humoral and cellular recall responses to AZD1222 attenuate breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to unvaccinated.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Longitudinal Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Immunity in Hemodialysis Patients Post Omicron.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections enhance T cell response magnitude, breadth, and epitope repertoire.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- A VHH single-domain platform enabling discovery and development of monospecific antibodies and modular neutralizing bispecifics against SARS-CoV-2 variants.Antibody therapeutics · 2024Article
- Comparison Study of the Bio-Plex and Meso Scale Multiplexed SARS-CoV-2 Serology Assays Reveals Evidence of Diminished Host Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 after Monoclonal Antibody Treatment.Pathogens & immunity · 2024Article
- Comparison of Four T-cell Assays and Two Binding Antibody Assays in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinees With or Without Omicron Breakthrough Infection.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Prior vaccination promotes early activation of memory T cells and enhances immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection.Nature immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Prior vaccination enhances immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection with early activation of memory T cells followed by production of potent neutralizing antibodies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Immunological fingerprint in coronavirus disease-19 convalescents with and without post-COVID syndrome.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Updated Insights into the T Cell-Mediated Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2: A Step towards Efficient and Reliable Vaccines.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Low neutralisation of the omicron BA.2 sublineage in boosted individuals who had breakthrough infections.The Lancet. Microbe · 2022Article
- Evaluation of post-vaccination immunoglobulin G antibodies and T-cell immune response after inoculation with different types and doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: A retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Immunity against Delta and Omicron variants elicited by homologous inactivated vaccine booster in kidney transplant recipients.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Prior Vaccination Exceeds Prior Infection in Eliciting Innate and Humoral Immune Responses in Omicron Infected Outpatients.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The Differentiation and Maintenance of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Follicular Helper T Cells.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BackgroundBreakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in vaccinated individuals have been previously associated with suboptimal humoral immunity. However, less is known about breakthrough infections with the Omicron variant.MethodsWe analyzed SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and cellular responses in healthy vaccine recipients who experienced breakthrough infections a median of 50 days after receiving a booster mRNA vaccine with an ACE2 binding inhibition assay and an ELISpot assay, respectively.ResultsWe found that high levels of antibodies inhibited vaccine strain spike protein binding to ACE2 but that lower levels inhibited Omicron variant spike protein binding to ACE2 in 4 boosted vaccine recipients prior to infection. The levels of antibodies that inhibited vaccine strain and Omicron spike protein binding after breakthrough in 18 boosted vaccine recipients were similar to levels seen in COVID-19-negative boosted vaccine recipients. In contrast, boosted vaccine recipients had significantly stronger T cell responses to both vaccine strain and Omicron variant spike proteins at the time of breakthrough.ConclusionOur data suggest that breakthrough infections with the Omicron variant can occur despite robust immune responses to the vaccine strain spike protein.FundingThis work was supported by the Johns Hopkins COVID-19 Vaccine-related Research Fund and by funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease intramural program as well as awards from the National Cancer Institute (U54CA260491) and the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease (K08AI156021 and U01AI138897).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.