ArticlePreventing chronic disease2022
Effects of a National Campaign on Youth Beliefs and Perceptions About Electronic Cigarettes and Smoking.
Article in Preventing chronic disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Youth Tobacco Prevention Ads: Meta-Analysis of a Decade's Worth of Copy-Testing Data.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Interventions to change vaping harm perceptions and associations between harm perceptions and vaping and smoking behaviours: A systematic review.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Do Perceived Message Effectiveness Ratings Change in Response to Repeated Message Exposures?Health communication · 2025Trial
- Understanding Potential Mechanisms of Vaping Prevention Messages: A Mediation Analysis of the Real Cost Campaign Advertisements.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2025Trial
- Effects of a Social Media Intervention on Vaping Intentions: Randomized Dose-Response Experiment.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Trial
- Effects of Vaping Prevention Messages on Electronic Vapor Product Beliefs, Perceived Harms, and Behavioral Intentions among Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Primary Prevention Interventions for Problematic Substance Use in Adolescents: A Scoping Review.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2026Review
- Social media use, smoking expectancies, and nicotine experimentation in early adolescents: A prospective cohort study.The American journal on addictions · 2026Article
- The Impact of "The Real Cost" on E-cigarette Initiation Among U.S. Youth.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Neural Predictors of Vaping: Covert Emotional Engagement Versus Reactance to Overt Emotional Appeals in Vaping Prevention Message Processing.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Message Evaluation Equivalence in Pre Versus Postproduction Tobacco Education Ads.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Effect of a State-Level Vaping Prevention Campaign on Beliefs and Behaviors in Young People.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Could be better: adolescent access to health information and care.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Review
- The Association Between the We Can Do This Campaign and Vaccination Beliefs in the United States, January 2021-March 2022.Journal of health communication · 2024Article
- Article
- Characteristics of Adolescents' and Young Adults' Exposure to and Engagement with Nicotine and Tobacco Product Content on Social Media.Journal of health communication · 2024Article
- Managing a policy paradox? Responses to textual warning labels on E-cigarette advertisements among U.S. national samples of youth overall and adults who smoke or vape.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Article
- Social Media Data Mining of Antitobacco Campaign Messages: Machine Learning Analysis of Facebook Posts.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionOur study assesses the relationship between the exposure of youth to the US Food and Drug Administration's national tobacco public education campaign, The Real Cost, and changes in campaign-focused risk perceptions and beliefs.
methodsA nationally representative cohort study of youth was conducted from June 2018 to July 2019, consisting of a baseline and one follow-up survey. We performed logistic regressions to examine the association between campaign exposure and beliefs. Exposure was measured by self-report as the frequency of exposure to individual campaign advertisements about the health consequences of e-cigarette use and of smoking cigarettes.
resultsWe found that increased levels of exposure to campaign advertising was associated with a significant increase in the odds of reporting agreement with campaign-specific beliefs. Positive patterns of findings were found across multiple items selected by specific advertisements, whereas unrelated beliefs were not associated with advertisement exposure.
conclusionA sustained national tobacco public education campaign can change beliefs about the harms of e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking among youth. Combined with other findings from The Real Cost evaluation, results indicate that prevention mass media campaigns continue to be an effective and cost-efficient approach to reduce the health and financial cost of tobacco use in the US.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.