ArticleEndocrine2022
Macroscopic extranodal extension is an independent predictor of lung metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer.
Article in Endocrine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic factors evaluated in differentiated thyroid carcinomas.Endocrine connections · 2026Review
- Utility of quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound: a valuable prediction for capsule invasion assessment in papillary thyroid cancer.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Isolated pulmonary metastasis occurring 10 years after total thyroidectomy and lymphadenectomy of a papillary thyroid carcinoma: a rare case report.AME case reports · 2025Article
- Prognostic factors of papillary and follicular carcinomas based on pre-, intra-, and post-operative findings.European thyroid journal · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
purposeLymph node metastasis is common in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Some metastatic lymph nodes may present extranodal extension (ENE). The clinical role of ENE in PTC has yet to be clearly identified. We evaluated macroscopic ENE as a potential prognostic indicator of lung metastasis in PTC. PATIENTS AND
methodsWe identified 1140 consecutive patients who had PTC initially resected at our cancer center. Clinical data and pathological results were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to figure out the association between clinicopathological variables and lung metastasis.
resultsIn this cohort, 51.7% of PTC patients had lymph node metastasis; 10.4% had macroscopic ENE positive nodes; 2.3% had lung metastasis. In patients with lymph node metastasis, the average number of positive nodes was 5.10 ± 4.91. Multivariable analysis of clinicopathological factors revealed that extrathyroidal extension (odds ratio [OR], 3.57; 95% CI, 1.41-9.04), macroscopic ENE (OR, 7.08; 95% CI, 2.54-19.74), and number of positive nodes were significantly associated with lung metastasis. Compared with 0-3 positive nodes, 7-9 positive nodes denoted a moderate risk of lung metastasis (OR, 4.53; 95% CI, 1.03-19.85). And 10 positive nodes or more indicated a high risk of lung metastasis (OR, 9.63; 95% CI, 2.65-35.02).
conclusionMacroscopic ENE could serve as a strong independent prognostic factor of lungmetastasis in PTC. More attention should be paid to patients with ENE positive nodes duringfollow-up.
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