Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35388877›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2022

Tooth count, untreated caries and mortality in US adults: a population-based cohort study.

Jie Liu, Xiaoyu Zong, Emily Vogtmann, Chao Cao, Aimee S James, Andrew T Chan, Eric B Rimm, Richard B Hayes, Graham A Colditz, Dominique S Michaud and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Dental Caries in Older Adults: A Narrative Review for Non-Dental Providers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Association between the number of teeth and all-cause mortality rate in the MASHAD Cohort Study.Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects · 2025
    Article
  6. The oral microbiome and all-cause mortality in the US population.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jie LiuDivision of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6365-1888
Xiaoyu ZongDivision of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5646-710X
Emily VogtmannDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Chao CaoProgram in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0455-1171
Aimee S JamesDivision of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
Andrew T ChanClinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Eric B RimmDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Richard B HayesDivision of Epidemiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Graham A ColditzDivision of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7307-0291
Dominique S MichaudDepartment of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Kaumudi J JoshipuraCenter for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.
Christian C AbnetDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Yin CaoDivision of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9835-7662

Funding

Washington University Center for Cellular ImagingP30CA091842 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI TIMOTHY J. EBERLEIN · 2001 to 2026
$128.0M
Lower Gastrointestinal Cancer StudiesZIACP010198 · NCI · DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS · PI SINHA, RASHMI · 2009 to 2025
$6.6M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA091842
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe link between oral diseases and mortality remains under-explored. We aimed to evaluate the associations between tooth count, untreated caries and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

methodsData on 24 029 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-94/1999-2010, with mortality linkage to the National Death Index to 31 December 2015, were analysed. Baseline total number of permanent teeth and any untreated caries were assessed by trained dental professionals.

resultsDuring up to 27 years of follow-up, 5270 deaths occurred. Fewer permanent teeth were associated with higher all-cause mortality, including heart disease and cancer mortality (all P <0.05 for trend) but not cerebrovascular disease mortality. For every 10 teeth missing, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.13 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.18) for all-cause, 1.16 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.29) for heart disease and 1.19 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.29) for cancer mortality. Untreated caries was associated with increased all-cause (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.39) and heart disease mortality (HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.88) but not cerebrovascular disease/cancer mortality, after adjusting for tooth count, periodontitis and sociodemographic/lifestyle factors. Compared with those without untreated caries and with 25-28 teeth, individuals with untreated caries and 1-16 teeth had a 53% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.85) and 96 % increased risk of heart disease mortality (HR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.28, 3.01).

conclusionsIn nationally representative cohorts, fewer permanent teeth and untreated caries were associated with all-cause and heart disease mortality. Fewer teeth were also associated with higher cancer mortality.

Indexed as

Heart DiseasesNeoplasmsAdultCohort StudiesDental Caries SusceptibilityHumansNutrition SurveyscariesmortalityOral health

Identifiers

PMID35388877
PMCPMC9365626

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.