Augmentation-Consistent Clustering Network for Diabetic Retinopathy Grading with Fewer Annotations.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is currently one of the severe complications leading to blindness, and computer-aided, diagnosis technology-assisted DR grading has become a popular research trend especially for the development of deep learning methods. However, most deep learning-based DR grading models require a large number of annotations to provide data guidance, and it is laborious for experts to find subtle lesion areas from fundus images, making accurate annotation more expensive than other vision tasks. In contrast, large-scale unlabeled data are easily accessible, becoming a potential solution to reduce the annotating workload in DR grading. Thus, this paper explores the internal correlations from unknown fundus images assisted by limited labeled fundus images to solve the semisupervised DR grading problem and proposes an augmentation-consistent clustering network (ACCN) to address the above-mentioned challenges. Specifically, the augmentation provides an efficient cue for the similarity information of unlabeled fundus images, assisting the supervision from the labeled data. By mining the consistent correlations from augmentation and raw images, the ACCN can discover subtle lesion features by clustering with fewer annotations. Experiments on Messidor and APTOS 2019 datasets show that the ACCN surpasses many state-of-the-art methods in a semisupervised manner.