ArticleEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2022
Meal timing across the day modulates daily energy intake in adult patients with type 2 diabetes.
Article in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Opportunities for RNA sequencing in physiology: from big data to understanding homeostasis and heterogeneity.Function (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Medical nutrition therapy for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Article
- Differences in Dietary Intake, Eating Occasion Timings and Eating Windows between Chronotypes in Adults Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Association between Meal Frequency and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Adults: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesWe assessed the association between the timing of meals across the day with diet composition and metabolic parameters in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D). SUBJECTS/
methodsEighty adults (55.2 ± 6.8 years, 45% males) patients with T2D (without insulin therapy) were included. Three non-consecutive dietary records assessed food intake. The onset time of each consumed meal/beverage was identified and assigned to one of three periods of the day: Period 1 (P1, 06:00-11:59 h), Period 2 (P2, 12:00-17:59 h), and Period 3 (P3, 18:00-00:30 h).
resultsEnergy intake in P1 was lower compared to P2 and P3 (22.8 ± 7.9%, 37.5 ± 9.6%, and 39.7 ± 9.9%, respectively, P < 0.001). The same pattern was found for both total protein and fat intake, but carbohydrate intake was similar among periods. Patients with greater daily energy intake (as % of total energy) in P3 showed increased total food consumption, total energy, protein, and fat intake (all P < 0.05). The opposite pattern was observed in patients with greater daily energy intake in P1 (all P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that daily energy intake was significantly reduced when a higher proportion of carbohydrates was eaten in P1 (vs. P3, P < 0.04).
conclusionIncreased energy intake late during the day is related to increased total food and daily energy intake in patients with T2D. A greater proportion of total carbohydrates eaten early during the day relates to lower total energy intake. Our results suggest that earlier food intake may be a nutritional tool for dietary and metabolic control in these patients.
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