Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35386811›Full record

ArticleAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012)2022

Combined spinal and general anesthesia attenuate tumor promoting effects of surgery. An experimental animal study.

Gustavo N C Inoue, Ruan Pimenta, Juliana A Camargo, Nayara I Viana, Vanessa R Guimarães, Miguel Srougi, William C Nahas, Katia R M Leite, Sabrina T Reis

Open access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Gustavo N C InoueLaboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil.
Ruan PimentaLaboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil.
Juliana A CamargoLaboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil.
Nayara I VianaLaboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil.
Vanessa R GuimarãesLaboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil.
Miguel SrougiLaboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil.
William C NahasUro-Oncology Group, Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Sao Paulo, 01246-000, Brazil.
Katia R M LeiteLaboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil.
Sabrina T ReisLaboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil.
Universidade de São Paulo · BRInstituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo · BR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Radical prostatectomy, a standard management approach for localized Prostate Cancer (PC), may cause a stress response associated with immune modulating effects. Regional anesthesia was hypothesized to reduce the immune effects of surgery by minimizing the neuroendocrine surgical stress response, thus mitigating tumor cells dissemination. Our primary objective was to investigate whether the use of spinal blocks attenuates PC tumor cells dissemination on an animal model. We also assessed the number of circulating NK cells and the amount of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Materials and methods: A subcutaneous tumor model, with PC-3M cell line transfected with a luciferase-producing gene (PC-3M-luc-C6) was used. After proper tumor establishment and before tumors became metastatic, animals were submitted to tumor excision surgeries under general or combined (general and spinal) anesthesia. A control group was only anesthetized with general anesthesia. Results: The subcutaneous tumor model with PC-3M-luc-C6 cells was effective in causing distant metastasis after 35 days. The number of circulating tumor cells increased in animals that underwent surgery under general anesthesia alone compared to the group submitted to combined anesthesia. Interleukin 6 levels were different in all groups, with increase in the general anesthesia group. Conclusion: Our results suggest that combination of spinal and general anesthesia may attenuate the suppression of innate tumor immunity and it might be related to a reduction in the neuroendocrine response to surgery. Institutional protocol number: Animal Ethics Committee 1332/2019.

Indexed as

AnesthesiaANOVA, analysis of varianceCirculatingCytokinesFC, flow cytometryICTC, circulating tumor cellsIFN, interferonIL, interleukinIVIS, In Vivo Imaging SystemKiller cellsNaturalNeoplastic cellsNK, natural killerNOD/SCID, non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiencyPC, prostate cancerProstatic neoplasmsSD, standard deviationSpinalTNF, tumor necrosis factor

Identifiers

PMID35386811
PMCPMC8977895
OpenAlexW4213429327

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.