ArticleBioactive materials2022
3D printed biomimetic epithelium/stroma bilayer hydrogel implant for corneal regeneration.
Article in Bioactive materials, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Critical Systematic Review of 3D Bioprinting in Biomedicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Revolutionizing vision using corneal 3D printing.Trends in biotechnology · 2026Review
- Bioprinting the Craniofacial Region: A New Era in Regenerative Medicine and Dentistry.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- DLP bioprinting of cartilage organoid-laden bioinks yields high-fidelity auricular constructs with enhanced chondrogenesis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- Bioinspired 3D Printing of Lignocellulose-Based Multimaterial Composites for Extracellular Matrix-Mimicking Architectures.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Keratin-Laden Bioink for Corneal Stroma Bioprinting.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Organoids: From Bench to Bedside Applications.MedComm · 2026Review
- Innovative applications of multidimensional engineered hydrogels in wound healing.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Advanced Corneal Hydrogels: From Passive Replacement to Active Regeneration and Intelligent Interaction.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Engineered microbial hydrogels with confined architecture and binary microbes for efficient hydrogen production.Nature communications · 2026Article
- 3D Printing Strategies for Bioengineering Human Cornea.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Geometrical Designs in Volumetric Bioprinting to Study Cellular Behaviors in Engineered Constructs.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Applications of Multifunctional Hydrogel in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine.MedComm · 2026Review
- Advances in the management of ocular anterior segment diseases using biomaterials-based drug delivery systems.Journal of biomaterials applications · 2026Review
- Advances in loading-release-repair strategies of hydrogels for anterior segment disease therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- In Vivo Evaluation of Injected and Bioprinted Hyaluronic Acid-Based Bioink in Corneal Stromal Pocket.Macromolecular bioscience · 2026Article
- Progressive Insights into 3D Bioprinting for Corneal Tissue Restoration.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Corneal regeneration has always been a challenge due to its sophisticated structure and undesirable keratocyte-fibroblast transformation. Herein, we propose 3D printing of a biomimetic epithelium/stroma bilayer implant for corneal regeneration. Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and long-chain poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) are blended to form a two-component ink, which can be printed to different mechanically robust programmed PEGDA-GelMA objects by Digital Light Processing (DLP) printing technology, due to the toughening effect of crystalline crosslinks from long-chain PEGDA on GelMA hydrogel after photo-initiated copolymerization. The printed PEGDA-GelMA hydrogels support cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, meanwhile demonstrating a high light transmittance, and an appropriate swelling degree, nutrient permeation and degradation rate. A bi-layer dome-shaped corneal scaffold consisting of rabbit corneal epithelial cells (rCECs)-laden epithelia layer and rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs)-laden orthogonally aligned fibrous stroma layer can be printed out with a high fidelity and robustly surgical handling ability. This bi-layer cells-laden corneal scaffold is applied in a rabbit keratoplasty model. The post-operative outcome reveals efficient sealing of corneal defects, re-epithelialization and stromal regeneration. The concerted effects of microstructure of 3D printed corneal scaffold and precisely located cells in epithelia and stroma layer provide an optimal topographical and biological microenvironment for corneal regeneration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.