ReviewPsychopharmacology2022
Treatment of opioid overdose: current approaches and recent advances.
Review in Psychopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of synthetic cathinone use and psychosis.Psychopharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- The ASAM/AAAP Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Stimulant Use Disorder.Journal of addiction medicineGuideline
- Reversal of Fentanyl-Induced Respiratory Depression in Healthy Subjects by Intramuscular Nalmefene Administered by Auto-Injector Versus Intranasal Naloxone.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Trial
- Effects of erector spinae plane block and quadratus lumborum block on postoperative opioid consumption in laparoscopic prostatectomy: a randomized controlled clinical trial.Anaesthesiology intensive therapy · 2025Trial
- Effects of ultrasound-guided nerve block combined with PCIA analgesia on postoperative pain, inflammatory response, hospital stay, and adverse reactions in breast cancer surgery.African health sciences · 2025Trial
- Effects of Erector Spinae Plane Block and Quadratus Lumborum Block on Postoperative Opioid Consumption in Laparoscopic Kidney Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Pain research & management · 2025Trial
- Interpol review of forensic drug chemistry, 2022-2025.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2026Review
- Oxytocin attenuates respiratory depression and reduces mortality from fentanyl and the combination of xylazine-fentanyl in rats.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2026Article
- Immediate extubation post-surgery in cardiac patients: a retrospective single-center case series and literature review.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Review
- Can Buprenorphine Be Overdosed? The Ceiling Effect and Its Clinical Implications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- "When" matters: Differences in fatal opioid-related overdose events in Massachusetts by time of day, 2019-2023.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Resonant terahertz-induced stark field disruption of fentanyl's μ-opioid receptor binding for precision overdose reversal.Journal of molecular modeling · 2026Article
- Melanocortin receptor 4 agonist setmelanotide treats opioid-induced respiratory depression.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Evaluating adverse events of antibacterials in infants: insights from FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) data.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Morbidity, mortality, and health outcomes following emergency department visits for fentanyl-related overdoses: A retrospective cohort study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Leucine Aminopeptidase fromBiomolecules · 2026Article
- Fentanyl-induced cortical and cardiopulmonary damage linked to immune response functions and apoptosis-necrosis networks in a multi-omics mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Fentanyl blockade of KThe Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- A barrier-forming gel for oral mucositis in head and neck cancers patients undergoing radiotherapy: randomized, controlled, multicenter trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- High-dose buprenorphine inductions in hospital settings.American journal of medicine open · 2025Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe USA has recently entered the third decade of the opioid epidemic. Opioid overdose deaths reached a new record of over 74,000 in a 12-month period ending April 2021. Naloxone is the primary opioid overdose reversal agent, but concern has been raised that naloxone is not efficacious against the pervasive illicit high potency opioids (i.e., fentanyl and fentanyl analogs).
methodsThis narrative review provides a brief overview of naloxone, including its history and pharmacology, and the evidence regarding naloxone efficacy against fentanyl and fentanyl analogs. We also highlight current advances in overdose treatments and technologies that have been tested in humans. RESULTS AND
conclusionsThe argument that naloxone is not efficacious against fentanyl and fentanyl analogs rests on case studies, retrospective analyses of community outbreaks, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. No well-controlled studies have been conducted to test this argument, and the current literature provides limited evidence to suggest that naloxone is ineffective against fentanyl or fentanyl analog overdose. Rather a central concern for treating fentanyl/fentanyl analog overdose is the rapidity of overdose onset and the narrow window for treatment. It is also difficult to determine if other non-opioid substances are contributing to a drug overdose, for which naloxone is not an effective treatment. Alternative pharmacological approaches that are currently being studied in humans include other opioid receptor antagonists (e.g., nalmefene), respiratory stimulants, and buprenorphine. None of these approaches target polysubstance overdose and only one novel approach (a wearable naloxone delivery device) would address the narrow treatment window.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.