ArticlePloS one2022
Time to under-five mortality and its predictors in rural Ethiopia: Cox-gamma shared frailty model.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Avoidable mortality in childhood in Colombia: A type of violenceBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2026Article
- Time-to-death and its predictors among under five children in the developing regions of ethiopia: a cross sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
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- Editorial Note: Time to under-five mortality and its predictors in rural Ethiopia: Cox-gamma shared frailty model.PloS one · 2025Article
- Time to death and its determinants of under-five children in rural Ethiopia by using shared frailty.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Distribution of ß-Lactamase Genes Among Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamase-Producing DiarrheagenicInfection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Community and individual level determinants of infant mortality in rural Ethiopia using data from 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Determinant factors of under-five mortality in rural Ethiopia.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Social Determinants of Childhood Mortality: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Complementary Narrative Synthesis of Cultural Factors.Sage open pediatricsReview
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15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnder-five mortality (U5M) is one of the most important and sensitive indicators of the health status of the community. Despite there having been a substantial reduction in U5M since 1990, its rate is still high in Sub-Saharan African countries. Thus, this study aimed to assess time to under-five mortality and its predictors in rural Ethiopia.
methodsThis study utilized a secondary analysis of the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). A total of 9,807 weighted under-five children selected at different stages were included in the analysis. The Kaplan-Meier and Cox's-gamma shared frailty models were used to estimate survival time and to identify predictors of under-five mortality, respectively. An adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) along with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to measure the effect size and direction of the association.
resultsThe study indicated that 6.69% (95% CI: 6.13, 7.30) of children died before celebrating their fifth birthday in rural Ethiopia. Of all the deaths, the median time to death was 27 months. After controlling the effect of cluster and other confounding factors, female sex (AHR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.75), ever born greater than five children (AHR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.83), very large size at birth (AHR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.03 1.71), very small size at birth (AHR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.82), twin pregnancy (AHR = 3.5, 95% CI: 2.47, 4.88), not ever breastfeeding (AHR = 11.29, 95% CI: 9.03, 14.12), unimproved latrine (AHR = 3.44, 95% CI: 1.91, 6.17), covered by health insurance (AHR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.70) were predictors of under-five mortality.
conclusionsStill under-five mortality was high in rural Ethiopia as compared to the global under-five mortality rate. In the final model, sex of a child, the total number of children ever born, children's size at birth, type of pregnancy, breastfeeding, type of toilet, and being covered by health insurance were significant predictors of under-five mortality. Further emphasis should be given to twin and not breastfeeding children, as well as households' better encouraging membership of community health insurance and utilization of improved latrines.
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