ArticleBMC public health2022
Associations of nonconforming gender expression and gender identity with bullying victimization: an analysis of the 2017 youth risk behavior survey.
Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors affecting the risk of gender-based violence among 2SLGBTQIA+ adolescents and youth: a scoping review of climate change-related vulnerabilities.Frontiers in sociology · 2025Pooled it
- The Utility of Psychological Capital Theory in Rural Adolescent Mental Health Research.Clinical child psychology and psychiatry · 2026Article
- Screen Usage and Social Media Motives in Gender and Sexual Minority Adolescents.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Impact of sex-based and sexual orientation-based victimization on training discontinuity among swiss apprentices: a longitudinal study.Empirical research in vocational education and training · 2026Article
- Gender-affirming health care needs, barriers to care, and health and wellbeing in a broad nationwide sample of transgender people in Norway.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Experimental Evidence of Peer Gender Nonconformity Triggering Dehumanization in Children: Developmental Trajectory, Form, and Link to Bullying.Developmental science · 2025Article
- Nonconforming gender expression and adolescent indoor tanning.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Burden of the Past: A Systematic Review of Childhood Trauma and Mental Health in Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Individuals.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Review
- Breakfast skipping and its association with adolescent bullying victimization: a large-scale multicenter cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- An Intersectional Perspective on Cyberbullying: Victimization Experiences Among Marginalized Youth.Journal of adolescence · 2025Article
- Perceived gender expression nonconformity as an important determinant for vulnerability to bullying and cyberbullying among high school youth in the United States, 2013-2021.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Childhood Adversity and Adolescent Smartphone Use Across Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Nonconforming gender expression and associated problematic smartphone and internet use among Chinese adolescents.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2023Article
- Nonconforming gender expression and insufficient sleep among adolescents during COVID-19 school closure and after school reopening.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Syndemic relationship of depressive symptoms, substance use, and suicidality in transgender youth: a cross-sectional study using the U.S. youth risk behavior surveillance system.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Article
- Associations of Gender Dissatisfaction with Adolescent Mental Distress and Sexual Victimization.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAlthough gender nonconformity (GNC) and transgender identity are both linked to bullying victimization, few studies have examined them with bullying victimization simultaneously. Using a sample of Youth Risk Behavior Survey, we investigated the associations of GNC and transgender identity with bullying victimization within the same study.
methodsWe analyzed data from the cross-sectional school-based Youth Risk Behavior Survey in 2017 (n = 25,378). The exposures were GNC and transgender identity. The main outcomes were traditional victimization, cyber victimization, and combined victimization. We calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Poisson regression models.
resultsThere were 22.15% of high school students with GNC, and 1.61% identified themselves as transgender. GNC is associated with traditional (APR,1.45;95%CI, 1.21-1.73), cyber (APR,2.00; 95%CI, 1.66-2.40) and combined victimization (APR,1.61;95%CI, 1.42-1.83) respectively among assigned male at birth (AMAB) students only. Transgender male and female students are both at higher risk of bullying victimization for all the three outcomes than cisgender peers.
conclusionsAMAB GNC and transgender identity are associated with a higher risk of bullying victimization. Providing support systems and celebrating gender diversity within and outside schools are important.
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