ArticleBMC infectious diseases2022
Interleukin-6 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor as predictors of the prognosis of influenza-associated pneumonia.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic value of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Systemic cytokines drive conserved severity-associated myeloid responses across bacterial and viral infections.Communications biology · 2025Pooled it
- Risk factors analysis of poor prognosis in ICU-admitted children with severe influenza pneumonia: a retrospective case-control study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Influenza A/PR8 virus infection in mice suppresses basal and Oncostatin M-induced IL-33 expression in vivo and in vitro.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Therapeutic effect of eravacycline against carbapenem-resistant hypervirulentAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Dual roles for influenza A protein PA-X: limiting inflammatory response and disrupting MHC I antigen presentation in human respiratory epithelium.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Originally Established PBE Cell Line as a Reliable In Vitro Model for Investigating SIV Infection and Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Peripheral blood cytokine expression levels and their clinical significance in children with influenza.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- IL-6 and Olfactory Dysfunction: Focus on Changes, Effects, and Mechanisms.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Review
- Innate immune role of IL-6 in influenza a virus pathogenesis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor protects against acute systemic alphavirus disease in a type I IFN-dependent manner.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Effect of bronchoalveolar lavage combined with high-dose ambroxol hydrochloride on severe pneumonia with respiratory failure.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Treatment with lipoxin AInflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024Article
- Course and complications of influenza A in seniors over 65 years of age.Central European journal of public health · 2024Article
- The evaluation of cytokines in predicting the organ injury of critically pediatric patients: a retrospective study.Translational pediatrics · 2024Article
- Treatment with lipoxin A 4 improves influenza A infection outcome through macrophage reprogramming, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolutive responses.Research square · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPneumonia is a common complication of influenza and closely related to mortality in influenza patients. The present study examines cytokines as predictors of the prognosis of influenza-associated pneumonia.
methodsThis study included 101 inpatients with influenza (64 pneumonia and 37 non-pneumonia patients). 48 cytokines were detected in the serum samples of the patients and the clinical characteristics were analyzed. The correlation between them was analyzed to identify predictive biomarkers for the prognosis of influenza-associated pneumonia.
resultsSeventeen patients had poor prognosis and developed pneumonia. Among patients with influenza-associated pneumonia, the levels of 8 cytokines were significantly higher in those who had a poor prognosis: interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), monocyte colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-3, Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha and Hepatocyte growth factor. Correlation analysis showed that the IL-6, G-CSF, M-CSF, IFN-γ, and MCP-1 levels had positive correlations with the severity of pneumonia. IL-6 and G-CSF showed a strong and positive correlation with poor prognosis in influenza-associated pneumonia patients. The combined effect of the two cytokines resulted in the largest area (0.926) under the receiver-operating characteristic curve.
conclusionThe results indicate that the probability of poor prognosis in influenza patients with pneumonia is significantly increased. IL-6, G-CSF, M-CSF, IFN-γ, and MCP-1 levels had a positive correlation with the severity of pneumonia. Importantly, IL-6 and G-CSF were identified as significant predictors of the severity of influenza-associated pneumonia.
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