ArticleNature aging2021
Long-term prognosis and educational determinants of brain network decline in older adult individuals.
Article in Nature aging, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Selected social and lifestyle correlates of brain health markers: the Cross-Cohort Collaboration Consortium.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Pooled it
- Functional imaging studies of acute administration of classic psychedelics, ketamine, and MDMA: Methodological limitations and convergent results.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Pooled it
- The older adult brain is less modular, more integrated, and less efficient at rest: A systematic review of large-scale resting-state functional brain networks in aging.Psychophysiology · 2023Pooled it
- Early life predictors of subjective cognitive function in older age: emerging longitudinal associations over 6 decades.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Brain-cognition relationships and treatment outcome in treatment-resistant late-life depression.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Brain network dynamics reflect psychiatric illness status and transdiagnostic symptom profiles across health and disease.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Modular brain networks shape amyloid-driven tau spread and cognitive decline.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease is associated with loss of brain network segregation in midlife.Communications biology · 2026Article
- High purpose in life of older adults is associated with younger age, higher education, and being female.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Correspondence of large-scale functional brain network decline across aging mice and humans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Association between processing speed and segregation/integration of large-scale functional networks in middle-aged and older people living with HIV.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Individualized Mapping of Functional Brain Networks in Older Adulthood.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- High brain network system segregation is differentially linked with cognitive performance across the life span.Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- DMN function changes on resting state fMRI in perimenopausal women.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Article
- Systematic fMRI signal differences across cohorts alter lifespan trajectories of functional brain networks.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Exploring the association and mediation between educational attainment and intracerebral hemorrhage: an integrated Mendelian randomization and global burden of disease analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2025Article
- Polygenic scores for depression are associated with indices of neighborhood adversity.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2025Article
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Dehydration and the Development of a Predictive Scoring System.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Age and Sex Moderate the Effects of Sleep Quality on Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the Salience and Default Mode Network.Research square · 2025Article
- Physical activity and network attack tolerance preserve motor function in Parkinson's disease: A pilot study.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Older adults with lower education are at greater risk for dementia. It is unclear which brain changes lead to these outcomes. Longitudinal imaging-based measures of brain structure and function were examined in adult individuals (baseline age, 45-86 years; two to five visits per participant over 1-9 years). College degree completion differentiates individual-based and neighborhood-based measures of socioeconomic status and disadvantage. Older adults (~65 years and over) without a college degree exhibit a pattern of declining large-scale functional brain network organization (resting-state system segregation) that is less evident in their college-educated peers. Declining brain system segregation predicts impending changes in dementia severity, measured up to 10 years past the last scan date. The prognostic value of brain network change is independent of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related genetic risk (
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.