ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2022
Novel H5N6 reassortants bearing the clade 2.3.4.4b HA gene of H5N8 virus have been detected in poultry and caused multiple human infections in China.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.
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85 citing papers in PubMed, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
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- A nanobody-based proteolysis-targeting chimera offers broad-spectrum protection against diverse influenza virus infections.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
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- The future of transfusion and transplant microbiology safety: can new molecular technologies improve the safety of blood and transplant?BMC infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Protective Efficacy of a Hemagglutinin-Based mRNA Vaccine Against H5N1 Influenza Virus Challenge in Lactating Dairy Cows.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Isoleucine at position 137 of haemagglutinin acts as a mammalian adaptation marker of H9N2 avian influenza virus.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Epidemiology, evolution, and biological characteristics of avian influenza A (H11) viruses from wild birds.Virulence · 2025Article
- Avian influenza virus dynamics in poultry and the environment: an eight-year longitudinal study in the southwestern Poyang Lake region of China.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Characterization of emerging H3N3 avian influenza viruses in poultry in China.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Unique phenomenon of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in China: co-circulation of Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 and H5N6 results in diversity of H5 Virus.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- A Rapid Review Contrasting the Evidence on Avian Influenza A(H5Nx) Clades 2.3.4.4b and 2.3.2.1c in Humans.Zoonoses and public health · 2025Review
- H5N1 virus invades the mammary glands of dairy cattle through 'mouth-to-teat' transmission.National science review · 2025Article
- H5N1 2.3.4.4b: a review of mammalian adaptations and risk of pandemic emergence.The Journal of general virology · 2025Review
- Identification and characterization of a broadly neutralizing and protective nanobody against the HA1 domain of H5 avian influenza virus hemagglutinin.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Characterization of novel highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N6) clade 2.3.4.4b virus in wild birds, East China, 2024.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Emergence, migration and spreading of the high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5NX of the Gs/Gd lineage into America.The Journal of general virology · 2025Review
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
The globally circulating H5N8 avian influenza viruses bearing the clade 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin (HA) gene are responsible for the loss of more than 33 million domestic poultry since January 2020. Moreover, the H5N8 viruses have reassorted with other avian influenza viruses and formed H5N1, H5N2, H5N3, H5N4, and H5N5 viruses in Europe, Africa, and North America. In this study, we analyzed 15 H5N6 viruses isolated from poultry and seven H5N6 viruses isolated from humans, and found these viruses formed seven different genotypes by deriving the clade 2.3.4.4b HA gene of H5N8 viruses, the neuraminidase of domestic duck H5N6 viruses, and internal genes of different viruses that previously circulated in domestic ducks and wild birds in China. Two of these genotypes (genotype 3 and genotype 6) have caused human infections in multiple provinces. The H5N6 viruses isolated from poultry have distinct pathotypes in mice; some of them replicate systemically and are highly lethal in mice. Although these viruses exclusively bind to avian-type receptors, it is worrisome that they may obtain key mutations that would increase their affinity for human-type receptors during replication in humans. Our study indicates that the novel H5N6 reassortants bearing the clade 2.3.4.4b HA gene of H5N8 viruses were generated through reassortment in domestic ducks and may have spread across a wide area of China, thereby posing a new challenge to the poultry industry and human health. Our findings emphasize the importance of careful monitoring, evaluation, and control of the H5N6 viruses circulating in nature.
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