ArticleMolecular psychiatry2022
The impact of educational attainment, intelligence and intellectual disability on schizophrenia: a Swedish population-based register and genetic study.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dissecting Schizophrenia Biology Using Pleiotropy With Cognitive Genomics.Biological psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Gene-level analysis reveals the genetic aetiology and therapeutic targets of schizophrenia.Nature human behaviour · 2025Pooled it
- The genetic overlap between schizophrenia and major depression with cognitive function.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cognitive impairment preceding the onset of the first psychosis episode in schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Mortality Risks in Patients With Schizophrenia in Shanghai: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Genetics to Improve Outcomes in Schizophrenia (GENios): A within-case molecular genetic study protocol.PloS one · 2026Article
- Effect of polygenic scores on the relationship between psychosis and cognition.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative 2 (EDGI2): study protocol.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Predicting neurodevelopmental disorders using machine learning models and electronic health records - status of the field.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2024Review
- Cross-ancestry genetic investigation of schizophrenia, cannabis use disorder, and tobacco smoking.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Genetic contribution to disease-course severity and progression in the SUPER-Finland study, a cohort of 10,403 individuals with psychotic disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- An Observation Study of Caries Experience and Potential Risk Assessments among Disabled Individuals Living in an Institutional Rehabilitation Centre.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Cross-ancestry genetic investigation of schizophrenia, cannabis use disorder, and tobacco smoking.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Genomic findings in schizophrenia and their implications.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- Family-based analysis of the contribution of rare and common genetic variants to school performance in schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Emerging epigenetic dynamics in gut-microglia brain axis: experimental and clinical implications for accelerated brain aging in schizophrenia.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is highly heterogenous and no subtypes characterizing treatment response or longitudinal course well. Cognitive impairment is a core clinical feature of SCZ and a determinant of poorer outcome. Genetic overlap between SCZ and cognitive traits is complex, with limited studies of comprehensive epidemiological and genomic evidence. To examine the relation between SCZ and three cognitive traits, educational attainment (EDU), premorbid cognitive ability, and intellectual disability (ID), we used two Swedish samples: a national cohort (14,230 SCZ cases and 3,816,264 controls) and a subsample with comprehensive genetic data (4992 cases and 6009 controls). Population-based analyses confirmed worse cognition as a risk factor for SCZ, and the pedigree and SNP-based genetic correlations were comparable. In the genotyped cases, those with high EDU and premorbid cognitive ability tended to have higher polygenetic risk scores (PRS) of EDU and intelligence and fewer rare exonic variants. Finally, by applying an empirical clustering method, we dissected SCZ cases into four replicable subgroups characterized by EDU and ID. In particular, the subgroup with higher EDU in the national cohort had fewer adverse outcomes including long hospitalization and death. In the genotyped subsample, this subgroup had higher PRS of EDU and no excess of rare genetic burdens than controls. In conclusion, we found extensive evidence of a robust relation between cognitive traits and SCZ, underscoring the importance of cognition in dissecting the heterogeneity of SCZ.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.