ArticleCell death & disease2022
GITR/GITRL reverse signalling modulates the proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells by recruiting ANXA2 to phosphorylate ERK1/2 and Akt.
Article in Cell death & disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- RUNX1 restrains STAT1-GITRL signaling to shape an immunosuppressive CRC microenvironment.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- ANXA2 in hepatocellular carcinoma: orchestrating tumorigenesis, progression, and therapeutic resistance toward precision targeting.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring the Role of GITR/GITRL Signaling: From Liver Disease to Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancers · 2024Review
- GITRL impairs hepatocyte repopulation by liver progenitor cells to aggravate inflammation and fibrosis by GITRCell death & disease · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatic stem/progenitor cells are the major cell compartment for tissue repair when hepatocyte proliferation is compromised in chronic liver diseases, but the expansion of these cells increases the risk of carcinogenesis. Therefore, it is essential to explore the pathways restricting their expansion and abnormal transformation. The ligand of glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITRL) showed the most highly increased expression in hepatic progenitor cells treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. If overexpressed by hepatic progenitor cells, GITRL stimulated cell proliferation by activating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway and enhancing ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation via GITRL binding to ANXA2. However, GITR, the specific GITRL receptor, suppressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway of GITRL-expressing cells and decreased their growth by dissociating ANXA2 from GITRL and reducing downstream ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation. This study identifies GITR/GITRL reverse signalling as a cross-interaction pathway between immune cells and hepatic stem/progenitor cells that restricts the expansion of hepatic stem/progenitor cells and reduces the possibility of carcinogenesis.
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Registered trials
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