ArticleJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry2022
Association of adverse childhood experiences with the development of multiple sclerosis.
Article in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of adverse childhood experiences with adulthood multiple sclerosis: A systematic review of observational studies.Brain and behavior · 2023Pooled it
- Sympathetic innervation of human cervical lymph nodes: A potential neuroimmunomodulatory target for the treatment of T-cell-driven autoimmune diseases like MS?Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Article
- Identifying Risk Factors for the Rising Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in Saudi Arabia: A case-control analysis.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2026Article
- Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis and Primary Headache: Is There a Link?Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Migraine in the multiple sclerosis prodrome: a prospective nationwide cohort study in pregnant women.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
- Intimate partner violence and multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2024Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis Development: A Review of Potential Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Lifetime stressors relate to invisible symptoms of multiple sclerosis.Exploration of neuroprotective therapy · 2024Article
- Abuse and revictimization in adulthood in multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study during pregnancy.Journal of neurology · 2022Article
- Impact of race and socioeconomic deprivation on clinical outcomes and healthcare utilization in pediatric multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo study whether exposure to childhood emotional, sexual or physical abuse is associated with subsequent multiple sclerosis (MS) development.
methodsA nationwide, prospective cohort study based on participants in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child cohort study. Enrolment took place 1999-2008, with follow-up until 31 December 2018. Childhood abuse before age 18 years was obtained from self-completed questionnaires. We identified MS diagnoses through data-linkage with national health registries and hospital records. The Cox model was used to estimate HRs for MS with 95% CIs, adjusting for confounders and mediators.
resultsIn this prospective cohort study, 14 477 women were exposed to childhood abuse and 63 520 were unexposed. 300 women developed MS during the follow-up period. 71 of these (24%) reported a history of childhood abuse, compared with 14 406 of 77 697 (19%) women that did not develop MS. Sexual abuse (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.39) and emotional abuse (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.90) in childhood were both associated with an increased risk of developing MS. The HR of MS after exposure to physical abuse was 1.31 (95% CI 0.83 to 2.06). The risk of MS was further increased if exposed to two (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.67) or all three abuse categories (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.67).
interpretationChildhood sexual and emotional abuse were associated with an increased risk of developing MS. The risk was higher when exposed to several abuse categories, indicating a dose-response relationship. Further studies are needed to identify underlying mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.