ArticleBMJ open2022
Evaluation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors combined with antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 antibody in tyrosine kinase inhibitor-responsive patients with microsatellite stable/proficient mismatch repair metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma: protocol for open-label, single-arm trial.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04483219 (A Single-arm, Multicenter Phase II Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Single-arm, Multicenter Phase II Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) in Combination With Anti-PD-1 Antibody in TKI-responded Microsatellite Stability/Proficient Mismatch Repair (MSS/pMMR) Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel therapeutic strategies for non-small cell lung cancer: Combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Exploring research frontiers and emerging trends of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of colorectal cancer.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Enhancing Colorectal Cancer Treatment Through VEGF/VEGFR Inhibitors and Immunotherapy.Current treatment options in oncology · 2025Review
- Evaluation of the efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization combined with microwave ablation followed by adjuvant therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Postoperative adjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitors combined with anti-PD-1 antibodies improves surgical outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma with high-risk recurrent factors.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Role of Nivolumab in the Modulation of PD-1 and PD-L1 Expression in Papillary and Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma (RCC).Biomedicines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe prognosis of patients with advanced metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma (mCRC) after multiple-line therapy remains poor due to the high tumour load, high level of malignancy and strong drug resistance. The application of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade alone for patients with microsatellite stable/proficient mismatch repair (MSS/pMMR) mCRC is ineffective. PD-1 blockade combined with antiangiogenic therapy has synergistic effects and has initially shown therapeutic effects. The aim of this trial is to explore the efficiency and safety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) combined with PD-1 blockade therapy in patients with mCRC with MSS/pMMR. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The screening phase of the trial will involve administering one cycle of TKIs (fruquintinib or regorafenib). Patients will be divided into three arms-arm A (obvious response to TKIs), arm B (general response to TKIs) and arm C (poor response to TKIs)-according to their response to TKIs, as determined by significant changes in imaging findings. Patients in arm A will then receive TKIs in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody, patients in arm C will withdraw from the study, and those in arm B will continue to take TKIs for another one further cycle. Next, patients with obvious response to TKIs will be reallocated to arm A, those with general response to TKIs will stay in arm B and will continue to take TKIs, and patients with poor response to TKIs will withdraw from the study. Administration of arm A or arm B will last until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Anti-PD-1 antibody can be administered for up to 2 years. This trial will provide necessary data to improve the prognosis of patients with MSS/pMMR mCRC. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04483219; Pre-results.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.